Non-additivity in the solvation enthalpies of NH-containing compounds and estimation of their sublimation enthalpies at 298 K

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. In the present work, we have developed an additivity scheme for the calculation of solvation enthalpies of NH-containing compounds capable of hydrogen bond formation with solvent. The solvation enthalpies of these compounds were calculated using an additivity scheme and taking into account the contribution due to hydrogen bond formation between solute and solvent. This contribution was calculated using several different equations which connected the enthalpies of hydrogen bonds with frequency shifts of N–H stretching vibrations. The efficiency of the scheme for calculating the enthalpies of solvation was tested on the heterocyclic NH-containing compounds in tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane. The vaporization and sublimation enthalpies of heterocyclic NH-containing compounds at 298.15 K were estimated using experimentally measured solution enthalpies and estimated values of solvation enthalpies. The vaporization and sublimation enthalpies obtained in the present work are in good agreement with available literature data. The solution enthalpies of nineteen heterocyclic compounds were measured experimentally in the present work

The acid-base properties and the complexation of tributyl [aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid)] in aqueous solution

© 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.The acid-base and complexing properties of tributyl [aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid)] (H3L) with divalent metals were investigated in aqueous solution via the potentiometric titration method. The formation of 1:1 species partially protonated [MH2L] and totally deprotonated [ML−] as well as hydroxo species [M(OH)L2−] has been established

Генетика семейных форм бокового амиотрофического склероза

To analyze results of the studies covering modern scientific views on the genetics of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS).We searched for full-text publications containing the key words “amyotrophic lateral sclerosis”, “FALS”, and “genetics” in the literature for the past 10 years in both Russian and English in eLibrary, PubMed, Web of Science, and OMIM databases. In addition, the review includes earlier publications of historical interest.This review summarizes all existing information on four most widespread genes associated with FALS: SOD1, TARDBP, FUS, and C9ORF72. The review also describes the functions of these genes and possible pathogenetic mechanisms of motor neuron death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, damage to axonal transport components, and pathological neurofilament aggregation.As modern methods of molecular genetic diagnostics evolve, our knowledge about multifactorial FALS genetics expands. This information should be taken into consideration in clinical practice of neurologists. Information about the genes associated with ALS and understanding of particular pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease play a key role in the development of effective therapeutic strategies.Анализируются результаты исследований, отражающих современное представление о генетике семейных форм бокового амиотрофического склероза (сБАС).Проведен поиск полнотекстовых публикаций на русском и английском языках за последнее десятилетие в базах данных eLibrary, PubMed, Web of Science, OMIM, используя ключевые слова «боковой амиотрофический склероз» (БАС), «сБАС», «генетика». Кроме того, в обзор включены более ранние публикации, имеющие исторический интерес.Представлены современные данные, накопленные по четырем самым распространенным генам возникновения сБАС: SOD1, TARDBP, FUS и C9ORF72. Рассмотрена функция этих генов, а также возможные патогенетические механизмы гибели мотонейронов при БАС: митохондриальная дисфункция, глутаматная эксайтотоксичноть, оксидативный стресс, поражение компонентов системы аксонального транспорта, патологическая агрегация нейрофиламентов.По мере развития современных методов молекулярно-генетической диагностики расширяются знания в понимании генетики семейных мультифакторных форм БАС, что важно учитывать в клинической практике врачей-неврологов. Выявление генов, ответственных за возникновение БАС, а также понимание конкретных патогенетических механизмов развития заболевания играют ключевую роль в разработке эффективных терапевтических стратегий

National gender policy in public education in the russian empire in the latter half of the 19th - Early 20th centuries

© 2016 Saifullova et al.This article presents the national gender policy in public education in the Russian Empire in the latter half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. In the course of work the authors have used special historical research methods enabling to hammer out the facts and to approach historical sources from a critical standpoint. The comparative method allowed the authors to compare statistical data of different periods and to determine the law of development of the educational system and teaching evolution. The structural method enabled to set forth the school system in the Russian Empire and to establish existing links between different school types. The method of historical retrospection served as a requisite for an objective evaluation of public education and position of a teacher. The research is based upon archive materials, statistical data, legal acts and periodicals resulting in deep analysis of public education, assessment of teachers’ position and detection of gender approach in the educational process. For the purpose of this research, the authors have compared the educational process in Vyatka Governorate and modern schools. Along with it, great attention was paid to the study of the teaching staff at those schools and gender peculiarities at selection of teachers. As a comparison, the authors have presented information on implementation of gender principles at selection of the teaching staff at European schools in the latter half of the 19th – early 20th centuries demonstrating that gender education in the Russian Empire was not peculiar only to Russian schools. In the course of work, the authors arrived at the conclusion that principles of gender education had been implemented at schools of the Russian Empire and are implemented at modern schools. At that, differences between schools of the periods under survey they connect to differences for educational purposes

Genetic Biomarkers of Antipsychotic-Induced Prolongation of the QT Interval in Patients with Schizophrenia.

Antipsychotics (AP) induced prolongation of the QT interval in patients with schizophrenia (Sch) is an actual interdisciplinary problem as it increases the risk of sudden death syndrome. Long QT syndrome (LQTS) as a cardiac adverse drug reaction is a multifactorial symptomatic disorder, the development of which is influenced by modifying factors (APs' dose, duration of APs therapy, APs polytherapy, and monotherapy, etc.) and non-modifying factors (genetic predisposition, gender, age, etc.). The genetic predisposition to AP-induced LQTS may be due to several causes, including causal mutations in the genes responsible for monoheme forms of LQTS, single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of the candidate genes encoding voltage-dependent ion channels expressed both in the brain and in the heart, and SNVs of candidate genes encoding key enzymes of APs metabolism. This narrative review summarizes the results of genetic studies on AP-induced LQTS and proposes a new personalized approach to assessing the risk of its development (low, moderate, high). We recommend implementation in protocols of primary diagnosis of AP-induced LQTS and medication dispensary additional observations of the risk category of patients receiving APs, deoxyribonucleic acid profiling, regular electrocardiogram monitoring, and regular therapeutic drug monitoring of the blood APs levels

Clinical, laboratory and psychological aspects of moderate COVID-19 in cardiovascular patients one month after discharge from the hospital

Aim. To study clinical, laboratory and psychological aspects of moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in cardiovascular patients one month after discharge from the hospital.Material and methods. The study included 88 patients with cardiovascular diseases hospitalized for COVID-19. After 1 month, 72 respondents continued the participation in the study. Medical history collection, physical examination, and diagnostic investigations were performed. We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) by Zigmond A. S., Snaith R. P., Beck Anxiety Inventory scale, Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scale for assessing mental status.Results. One month after discharge, there was a decrease in the number of patients with signs of impaired respiratory system, such as cough, shortness of breath, chest congestion, while a decrease in exercise tolerance persists was revealed in 80,5% (out of 95,5% during hospiatalization), generalized weakness and increased sweating — in 69,5%. In addition, 38,9% of patients noted a noticeable, newly reported, hair loss. Attention is drawn to the high prevalence of neurological symptoms during hospiatalization, including dizziness, severe headaches not relieved by analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, lethargy, disorientation of place and time, and in some cases even hallucinations. Some of the symptoms persist after 1 month: 55,5% note a decrease in memory, 36% — feelings of fear and anxiety, 63,9% — sleep disorders in the form of frequent nocturnal awakenings (19,4%), insomnia (16,6%), long falling asleep (11,1%). Some of the respondents revealed unfavorable events over the past month as follows: blood pressure (BP) destabilization in the form of episodes of BP increase and decrease during the day — 36,0%, hypertensive crisis — 14,0%. There was an increase in the number of patients with subclinical and clinical depression (p<0,05). There was also an increase in the number of patients with hypercholesterolemia compared with inhospital data by 15,5%.Conclusion. One month after discharge, the respiratory symptoms naturally decrease, but new symptoms appear, such as shortness of breath during exercise, fatigue, unsteady gait, hair loss, and increased sweating. There was an increase in the number of patients with subclinical and clinical depression on the HADS scale. Among laboratory parameters, an increase in the number of patients with increased level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins was revealed

Ранозаживляющие технологии: пути развития (обзор литературы)

Tissue engineering is a medical science dealing with reproduction of biological tissues and organs. This area of medicine opens avenues for creation of organs and tissues using biomaterials and nanostructures to sustain their development, maintenance and function repair in a living organism. The scope of tissue engineering is an artificial recreation of tissues at the fi nest structural level. Prerequisite requirements are a cell source (a donor), artificial extracellular matrix and growth factor. The first organ, which was extracorporally created and successfully introduced in medical practice, is skin. Recent years have witnessed a major leap in 3D technology for reproduction of biological structures. Increasing attention is being paid towards controlled design and production of 2D–3D structures consisting of biological materials and viable cells, the procedure defined as bioproduction or bioprototyping. Skin substitutes obtained with the bioprototyping technology possess a wide range of medical applications, primarily to compensate for resident skin deficiency in wound healing.Тканевая инженерия является одной из областей медицинской науки, главная задача которой состоит в воспроизведении биологических эквивалентов тканей и органов. Эта область медицины открывает возможности создания органов и тканей с помощью биоматериалов и наноструктур с целью их развития, поддержания и восстановления функционирования в живом организме. Главная цель тканевой инженерии — искусственно воссоздать наиболее точную структуру ткани. Для достижения данной цели необходимо наличие источника (донора) клеток, искусственного внеклеточного матрикса и ростового фактора. Первым органом, который удалось создать экстракорпорально, а также успешно применить в медицинских практиках, является кожа. В последние годы в технологии 3D-производства биологических структур произошел большой скачок. Большое внимание исследователи начали уделять технологии, которая позволяет создать регулируемое проектирование и производство 2D–3D-структур, состоящих из биологических материалов и жизнеспособных клеток. Такой процесс называется биопроизводством или биопрототипированием. Кожные заменители, полученные в результате применения технологии биопрототипирования, могут быть задействованы в широком спектре медицинских практик, но в первую очередь для замещения дефицита кожных покровов раневой поверхности

Гены-кандидаты, участвующие в развитии антипсихотик-индуцированной тардивной дискинезии у пациентов с шизофренией

Introduction. Drug-induced dyskinesia is an iatrogenic undesirable side reaction from the extrapyramidal system that occurs during the administration of drugs, most often antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia. At the end of the 20 th century, studies were conducted on the search for candidate genes and the carriage of single nucleotide variants of antipsychotics-induced tardive dyskinesia. Purpose of the study – to analyze research results reflecting candidate genes and their single nucleotide variants associated with antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Materials and methods. We searched for full-text publications in Russian and English in the eLIBRARY, PubMed, Web of Science, Springer databases using keywords (tardive dyskinesia, drug-induced tardive dyskinesia, antipsychotics, antipsychotics, typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, genes, polymorphisms) and combined searches for words over the past decade. Results. The lecture discusses candidate genes encoding proteins/enzymes involved in the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of antipsychotics Conclusion. Timely identification of individual genetic characteristics of the patient can contribute to the development of diagnostic test systems and in the future selection of the safest and most effective antipsychotic therapy.Введение. Лекарственно-индуцированная дискинезия – ятрогенная нежелательная побочная реакция со стороны экстрапирамидной системы, возникающая на фоне приема лекарственных средств, чаще всего антипсихотиков, у пациентов с шизофренией. В конце XX в. проводились исследования поиска генов-кандидатов и носительства однонуклеотидных вариантов антипсихотик-индуцированной тардивной дискинезии. Цель исследования – проанализировать результаты исследований, описывающих гены-кандидаты и их однонуклеотидные варианты, ассоциированные с антипсихотик-индуцированной тардивной дискинезией. Материалы и методы. Проведен поиск полнотекстовых публикаций на русском и английском языках в базах данных eLIBRARY, PubMed, Web of Science, Springer с использованием ключевых слов (тардивная дискинезия, лекарственно-индуцированная тардивная дискинезия, антипсихотики, нейролептики, типичные антипсихотики, атипичные антипсихотики, гены, полиморфизмы) и комбинированные поиски слов за последнее 10-летие. Результаты. В обзоре рассмотрены гены-кандидаты, кодирующие белки/ферменты, участвующие в фармакодинамике и фармакокинетике антипсихотиков. Заключение. Своевременное выявление генетических особенностей пациента может способствовать разработке диагностических тест-систем и в дальнейшем подбору максимально безопасной и эффективной антипсихотической терапии

Патофизиологические механизмы, лежащие в основе антипсихотик-индуцированной тардивной дискинезии

Purpose. To analyze the results of classical and modern studies reflecting the pathophysiological mechanisms of antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia.Materials and methods. We searched for full-text publications in Russian and English in the databases of E-Library, PubMed, Web of Science and Springer published over the past decade, using keywords (tardive dyskinesia (TD), drug-induced tardive dyskinesia, antipsychotics (AP), neuroleptics, typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, pathophysiology, etiology and combinations of these words). In addition, the review included earlier publications of historical interest.Results. The lecture proposed theories of development of AP-induced TD, examining its effect on dopaminergic receptors, dopaminergic neurons, neurons of the basal ganglia, and other theories: activation of estrogen receptors, disorders of melatonin metabolism, disorders of the endogenous opioid system, oxidative stress with predominant oxidation processes, blockade of 5-HT2-receptors, a decrease in the pyridoxine level, genetic predisposition, interaction of AP with the brain trace element – iron, carbonyl stress and immune inflammation and the role of the neurotrophic factor.Conclusion. The disclosure of the mechanisms of AP-induced TD will allow the development of a strategy for personalized prevention and therapy of the considered neurological complication of the AP-therapy for schizophrenia in real clinical practice. Цель – анализ результатов классических и современных исследований, отражающих патофизиологические механизмы антипсихотик-индуцированной тардивной дискинезии.Материалы и методы. Проведен поиск полнотекстовых публикаций на русском и английском языках за последнее десятилетие в базах данных еLibrary, PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, используя ключевые слова «тардивная дискинезия» (ТД), «лекарственно-индуцированная тардивная дискинезия», «антипсихотики» (АП), «нейролептики», «типичные антипсихотики», «атипичные антипсихотики», «патофизиология», «этиология» и комбинированные поиски слов. Кроме того, в лекцию включены более ранние публикации, имеющие исторический интерес.Результаты. В лекции предложены теории развития АП-индуцированной ТД, рассматривающие влияние на дофаминергические рецепторы, дофаминергические нейроны, на нейроны базальных ганглий, и прочие теории: активация эстрогеновых рецепторов, нарушение обмена мелатонина, нарушение эндогенной опиоидной системы, оксидативный стресс с преобладанием процессов окисления, блокада 5-НТ2 -рецепторов, снижение уровня пиридоксина, генетическая предрасположенность, взаимодействие АП с церебральным микроэлементом – железом, карбониловый стресс и имунновоспаление, роль нейротрофического фактора.Заключение. Раскрытие механизмов АП-индуцированной ТД даст ключ к разработке стратегии персонализированной профилактики и терапии рассматриваемого неврологического осложнения АП-терапии шизофрении в реальной клинической практике