APPLICATION OF INPUT-OUTPUT TABLE FOR ESTIMATING IMPACT OF WATER DEMAND UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE IN THAILAND: RAYONG PROVINCE CASE STUDY

It is known that water resources crises in Rayong province, Thailand are mainly caused by increasing scale of water use in production sectors especially on Agriculture and Industrial production sectors. There is no existing tool to evaluate water demand in each production sectors for water management planning in future. In this study, Rayong province production structure was developed by utilizing Thailand Input-Output economic structures based on present production structure. This proposed tool can evaluate water demand in production sectors on future climate change situation for Rayong province, Thailand especially on Agriculture and Industrial production sectors. Future climate change can impact on future agricultural water demand directly. The future industrial water demand also will be affected by changing future agricultural water demand by implementing the Input-output table. This proposed tool can be evaluated climate change impact on water demand among each production sector for sustainable water management planning in future

Effects and Challenges of Online Career Education Class as a Communities of Practice : Based on a Model of Social Interaction

本研究は，実践共同体としてのオンラインのキャリア教育授業が大学生のキャリア形成に与える効果とそのプロセスを，社会的相互作用のモデルを援用して明らかにすることを目的とする。研究の結果，たとえ短期間のオンラインによる実践共同体であっても高いキャリア形成への効果があることが明らかとなった。またキャリア形成に効果を与えるプロセスとして，次の 点が明らかとなった。①社会的スキルは複数の実践共同体で熟達者からの助言をもとに改善を積み重ねることから向上する，②集団における役割の遂行感は他者との相互作用において自らの役割を明確化しそれを完遂することで高まる，③学びや職業に対する新たな機会の発見は自分が共同体で果たした役割や他者の将来像を参考に職業選びの新しい「軸」を見つけることを通じて醸成される。本稿の最後では，インタビュー調査で見えたオンラインキャリア教育授業の課題とその解決方法も提案する。This study aims to clarify the effect and process of online career education classes as communities of practice on the career development of university students based on a model of social interaction. The results of the study showed that even a short-term online community of practice has a strong effect on students’ career development. In addition, the following three points were identified as processes that have an effect on students’ career development. (1) Social skills are enhanced by accumulating improvements based on advice from masters in multiple communities of practice, (2) Sense of role fulfillment in a group is enhanced by clarifying and completing one's own role in interaction with others, and (3) Explore opportunities related to learning and career is fostered by finding a new "axis" for choosing a profession by referring to the role one has played in the community and the future vision of others. At the end of this paper, we propose some challenges and solutions of online career education which we found in the interview survey

WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT : PATHWAYS FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH AND POVERTY ERADICATION

Water is essential not only for sustaining quality of life on the earth, but also for economic growth and poverty eradication. Due to rapid increase in population, the demand for water will increase over time. The nations that are well endowed in fresh water resources have an economic advantage over those less fortunate. Water resources management is a cost effective strategy; contributing to the economic prosperity and poverty reduction through several pathways, while strengthening systems and capacity for longer-term climate risk management. The access to safe and adequate water improves health, fulfills multiple needs of households, contribute to food and fiber production and poverty elimination. The prime purpose of present paper is to enhance the understanding of the factors that influence water demand by deeply examining the water use in domestic, agricultural and industrial sectors in Pakistan. The driving forces and key issues, related to socio-economic development, that influence the future water availability and demand are also examined. Pakistan is a country that is facing a water crisis not because of physical scarcities of the resources, but because of lack of knowledge, experience, technology and co-ordination among different institutions. The empirical evidence shows that better management coupled with effective policy, intensified political will, appropriate investments, awareness, climatic change adoption and institutional strengthening are promising pathways for sustainable water resources management. In order to meet the water demand for environment, economic and people's life, there is scope for significant improvement in the efficiency of water utilization, which if achieved should enhance the overall sustainability

Economic Impact Evaluation of a Biomass Power Plant Using a Technical Coefficient Pre-Adjustment in Hybrid Input-Output Analysis

This paper presents a new and improved method of hybrid input-output (I-O) to evaluate the economic impact of a biomass power plant’s resource production and consumption. The effect of resource consumption induces a change in an economy’s production structure and alters the technical coefficient of the hybrid I-O table, which should not be changed. Our study examines this problem based on two cases: a small cut-off ratio from the existing industry, in which the change in the technical coefficient can be ignored, and a large cut-off ratio from the existing industry, in which the technical coefficient is amended using the pre-adjustment method. Consequently, the biomass power plant using the large cut-off ratio from the existing industry case contributes about 1114 million yen to the local economy. A comparison of these two cases shows that the error caused by ignorance of the technical coefficient adjustment could result in 291.78 million yen less in total economic production, which is about 36% of the total additional production using the small cut-off ratio from the existing industry case. The losses in total economic production clearly increase in economic sectors that are related to the resource consumption of the biomass power plant

A comparison between above-water surface and subsurface spectral reflectances collected over inland waters

The objective of the research was to undertake a quantitative comparison of spectral-reflectance measurements made slightly above the surface of water bodies with the measurements made slightly below the surface. The study is focused on three rivers; two in Georgia, USA and one in Japan. As expected, the differences in reflectance are not constant and vary with the wavelength. The contribution of surface-reflection effects to the surface reflectance measured slightly above the water is both pronounced and highly variable, but although they do alter the magnitude of the upwelling signal, they do not change the general shape of the spectral profiles. The correction of surface-reflection effects by assuming a proportionality factor (ρ) is not considered to be efficient for inland fresh water bodies. For in situ spectroscopy, the recommended approach is to measure upwelling radiance slightly below the water’s surface as a means of minimizing extraneous noise. Researchers should be aware of the potential for diminishing the validity of findings because of measurement errors

Optimum hyperspectral models for estimation of suspended sediments in surface water

Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Hydroscience and Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, September 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/732The purpose of the research was to estimate the suspended sediment concentration by means of remote sensing. Experiments were conducted to investigate the spectral response with different concentrations and types of suspended sediments in the water. In this research five cases were examined: clayey red soil, silty red soil, kaolin, silty red soil (50%) and kaolin (50%), and very fine sand. Fifty concentrations of suspended sediments ranging from 20 to 1000 mg/l were used is each case. A hyperspectral Field SpecPro FR Spectroradiometer attached to a telescope was used to measure reflectance from the water. A series of reflectance measurements in the spectral range between 400 and 900 nm was carried out in a batch. The band ratioing technique and regression analysis were applied to develop band ratio models. Correlation coefficients (r) were computed to describe the relationship between suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and the reflectance. The ratios of reflectance values in the sub-bands centered at Rrs848/Rrs548, Rrs803/Rrs708, Rrs793/Rrs713, Rrs783/Rrs673, Rrs773/Rrs663, and Rrs773/Rrs658 were found to be optimum for estimation of suspended sediment concentration. The red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelength is a useful range for determining the amount of suspended sediments. However, the wavelength range 525-655 provides information about sediments type