The crystal structure of caesium permanganate by x-ray diffraction

The crystal structure of caesium permanganate has been determined. CsMn0₄ crystallises in the orthorhombic space group Pnma. There are four molecules per unit cell with a = 10.0692 Å, b = 5.8080 Å, c = 7.9470 Å. The structure was determined by Fourier syntheses on the (010) and (001) projections and refined by two-dimensional difference syntheses. The structure is similar to that of KMn0₄. The manganese is surrounded by four oxygen atoms at an average distance of 1.629 Å arranged in a slightly distorted tetrahedron. The caesium is surrounded by eight manganese atoms at an average distance of 4.381 Å

The crystal and molecular structure of the bis(4-N, N1-dimethylaminopyridine) solvate of disalicylicacidatobis(nitrotodioxouranium)(VI)

The structure of the title compound [(C7H4NO8U)(C7H11N2)]2 has been determined by Patterson and Fourier methods from single crystal X-ray diffraction data collected on a four-circle diffractometer. Full-matrix least-squares refinement yielded a final conventional R of 0.041 for 2189 reflections. The complex crystallizes in the space group P with a = 11.004(5), b = 9.981(5), c = 9.928(5) Å, α = 119.6(3), β = 107.7(3), γ = 81.9(3)°, Dm = 2.17, Dc = 2.173g cm−3. The structure is dimeric. The uranium atoms are eight-coordinate and are bridged via centrosymmetrically related carboxylic oxygen atoms. The nitrate group is bidentate and the average U---O (ligand) distance is 2.463 Å. Hydrogen bonding of the type N---HO links two dimethyl-aminopyridine molecules to the dimer

The structure of aliphatic amine adducts of uranyl acetylacetonate. III. Dioxobis(2,4-pentanedionato)mono (2-N-isopropylaminopentan-4-one)uranium(VI)

Introduction: In two earlier structural determinations of compounds of this type we have shown that the conformation of the adduct moiety is dependent on the formation of intramolecular N-H...0 hydrogen bonds (part I: Haigh, Nassimbeni, Pauptit, Rodgers & Sheldrick, 1976; part II: Nassimbeni, Orpen, Pauptit, Rodgers & Haigh, 1977). We have carried out the present analysis to study the conformational effects on the ligand brought about by the steric influence of an isopropyl substituent at N

The structure of aliphatic amine adducts of uranyl acetylacetonate. II. Dioxobis(2,4-pentanedionato)mono (2-N,N-dimethylaminopentan-4-one)uranium(VI)

Introduction: In a previous analysis of a compound of this type, we have established that the adduct molecule is bonded through O and that the geometry about U is pentagonal bipyramidal (Haigh, Nassimbeni, Pauptit, Rodgers & Sheldrick, 1976). We have carried out the present analysis to study the conformational effects on the ligand brought about by substitution at N

The structure of aliphatic amine adducts of uranyl acetylacetonate. IV. Dioxobis(2,4-pentanedionato) mono(2-aminopentan-4-one)uranium(VI)

Introduction: We have shown in three earlier determinations of aliphatic amine adducts of U02(AA)2 (part I: Haigh, Nassimbeni, Pauptit, Rodgers & Sheldrick, 1976; part II: Nassimbeni, Orpen, Pauptit, Rodgers & Haigh, 1977; part III: Rodgers, Nassimbeni & Haigh, 1977) that the conformation of the adduct is dependent on its ability to form hydrogen bonds. The present compound has two H atoms available for hydrogen bonding and may be regarded as the parent of the series

The structure of aliphatic amine adducts of uranyl acetylacetonate. I. Dioxobis(2,4-pentanedionato)mono (2-N-methylaminopentan-4-one)uranium(VI)

Crystals of the title compound are monoclinic with a= 8.314 (5), b= 22.723 (9), c= 12.589 (6) A, /3= 123.0 (2t, Z=4, space group P2dc. The structure was determined by Patterson and Fourier methods and refined by full-matrix least squares to a final R of 0.030 for 2043 independent reflexions. The U atom has pentagonal bipyramidal coordination and the N-methylacetylacetoneamine is bonded to U via O. There are two intramolecular N-H. . .0 hydrogen bonds which govern the geometry of the adduct molecule

The Roles of Standardization, Certification and Assurance Services in Global Commerce

In this article we examine the rapid emergence and expansion of standardized product and process frameworks and a private-sector compliance and enforcement infrastructure that we believe may increasingly be providing a substitute for public and legal regulatory infrastructure in global commerce. This infrastructure is provided by a proliferation of performance codes and standards, many of which define acceptable social and environmental behavior, and a rapidly-growing number of privately-trained and authorized inspectors and certifiers that we call the third-party assurance industry. We offer reasons for this development, evidence of its scope and scale, and then describe the phenomenon in more detail by examining supply chain arrangements in two industries, food products and apparel, where the use of third-party standards and assurance services has expanded especially rapidly. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for the make or buy decision at the core of the theory of the firm. We argue that as quasi-regulatory standards are developed within various industries, and as performance to these standards can be systematically evaluated using third-party inspectors and certifiers, the costs of moving production outside of vertical firm hierarchies drop. We believe this may be an important factor in accelerating the shift to outsourcing that has been observed over the last two decades