Evaluating the association between first trimester screening tests and adverse perinatal outcomes

Prenatal screening tests are not diagnostic and only show and determine the risk of fetal abnormalities. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the results of double marker test and nuchal translucency (NT) in first trimester with adverse perinatal outcomes (Low-Birth-Weight, Small for Gestational Age, Intrauterine Growth Restriction, Aneuploidy, and fetal abnormalities) in pregnant women. This nested case control study was conducted on two groups of pregnant women. In case group (n=46) the result of double test in first trimester was positive (more than 1.50) and nuchal translucency was also positive (more than 3 mm). In control group (n = 77) the result of double test and nuchal translucency was negative. For each woman, data including demographic data, gestational age, gravidity, parity, number of abortion, weight and height of pregnant women, and the results of double screening test and nuchal translucency were recorded in a check list. For women who had positive test, amniocentesis (in 16 weeks of pregnancy) was performed. Borderline cases were followed using cell free fetal DNA or quadruple screening test. All women were followed during pregnancy until delivery. The prevalence of Down syndrome, intrauterine growth restriction and fetal abnormality in case group was more than the control group and difference was significant statistically (P = .001). Trisomy 18 and 13 were not found in the two groups. In terms of the frequency of spinal cord defects, respiratory distress, SGA, LBW and infant mortality there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Our findings showed that adverse perinatal outcomes in screening positive cases were higher. Therefore the double marker test could be helpful in detecting fetal outcomes such as intrauterine growth restriction and fetal structural abnormalities

Spontaneous uterine rupture after abdominal myomectomy at the gestational age of 20 weeks in pregnancy: A case report

Background: Uterine rupture in pregnancy is rare and often could be life threatening and catastrophic. Myomectomy is one of very common surgeries in gynecology, performed as the vaginal, abdominal and laparoscopic surgeries. Pregnancies occured after abdominal and laparoscopic myomectomy are high risk for uterine rapture. Case: Patient was a 28 Years old female, pregnant woman at the 20 wks of gestational age with abdominal pain and a history of abdominal myomectomy 6 yrs ago. Uterus was ruptured and fetus in amniotic sac was found in abdominal cavity. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of uterine rupture after myomectomy can save patients from death. Key Words: Myomectomy, Pregnancy, Uterine ruptur

Association of The First Trimester Anemia and Fetal Birth Weight

Introduction: Pregnancy and delivering a baby are the most important achievements occurring in a woman`s life and her family. Although it is a physiologic event, there would happen some complications that could mostly be prevented by prenatal care. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship of the first trimester maternal hemoglobin and fetal birth weight. &nbsp; Materials & Methods: This descriptive- analytical study was performed on 3000 pregnant women of 18 to 40 years old with less than 12 weeks of gestational age, referred to health centers in Qazvin province. Hemoglobin measurements were performed by routine laboratorial tests and then recorded in the questioners; afterward, the mothers were followed throughout the gestation period up to the delivery term. Then, the fetal birth weights were recorded. Anemia was defined as Hb <11 g/dl and low birth weight was defined as Fbwt<2500 grams. &nbsp; Findings: This study presented that 11.4% of babies had low birth weights (<2500 grams). Anemia prevalence was 22.2%. 7.2% of babies in anemia group and 4.2% of babies in normal Hb group were of low birth weight (<2500 grams) with significant difference (P<0.001). The relative risk for low birth weight babies in anemic mothers was1.81 (95% Confidence interval; 1.24-2.62). &nbsp; Discussion & Conclusions: This study demonstrated that lower birth weight babies in anemic mothers were more prevalent. Therefore, pre-gestational screening and anemia treatment is highly recommended in women of reproductive age. &nbsp

Survey on association between Mycoplasma hominis endocervical infection and spontaneous abortion using Polymerase Chain Reaction

Background: Mycoplasma infections are suggested as etiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) infection and spontaneous abortion among pregnant women. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study that was conducted from August 2012 to January 2013, totally, 109 women were included with spontaneous abortion with gestational ages of 10-20 weeks (Cases), and 109 women with normal pregnancy with gestational ages between 20-37 weeks (Controls) in Sanandaj, Iran. Using specific primers and extracted DNA from endocervical swabs, a PCR test was conducted for detection of M. hominis infection in women. For comparison of qualitative and quantitative variables, independent Fisher tests were used and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The total frequency of M. hominis infection was 6 (2.75%) in women. The frequency of M. hominis infection was 2 (1.83%) in the case group (spontaneous abortion) and 4 (3.66%) in the control group, respectively. In both case and control groups, no association was seen between M.hominis infection and spontaneous abortion (OR=0. 49, CI 95%: 0.08-2.73, p=0. 683). Conclusion: M. hominis was positive in the genital tract of some pregnant women, but it was not associated with spontaneous abortion. However, to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes in women, foetus and neonate, routine screening and treatment for the genital Mycoplasma is recommende