Barbell back squat:How do resistance bands affect muscle activation and knee kinematics?

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine whether looped resistance bands affect knee kinematics and lower body muscle activation during the barbell back squat.MethodsTwenty-six healthy participants (13 female, 13 male) calculated their one repetition maximum (RM) prior to data collection. Each participant performed three squats at both 80% and 40% 1RM wearing a light resistance band, an extra-heavy resistance band and no resistance band.Vicon 3D motion analysis cameras were used to collect the kinematic data, and Delsys Trigno Lab wireless electromyography (EMG) system was used to measure vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and biceps femoris muscle activity. Peak knee flexion angle, peak knee valgus angle and maximum tibial rotation values were examined. Peak EMG values were also analysed after being normalised and expressed as a percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC).ResultsGluteus maximus (GM) activity is significantly increased when a resistance band is used during squatting. However, squatting with a resistance band is detrimental to knee kinematics as it leads to an increase in knee valgus angle and maximum tibial rotation angle. A direct correlation is recorded between an increase in resistance and an increase in these two angles.ConclusionsSquatting with resistance bands is likely to increase the risk of knee injury. Coaches and clinicians who already implement this technique are advised to remove resistance band squats from training and rehabilitation programmes. Further research evaluating the long-term effects of using resistance bands during the barbell back squat should be considered

All-optical busbar differential protection scheme for electric power systems

This paper proposes a novel implementation of a differential protection scheme using magneto-optic current sensors. The proposed all-Optical Differential Protection (ODP) scheme utilizes inherent properties of magneto-optic sensors connected in series to perform differential protection functionality. In order to demonstrate the validity of the proposed scheme, all constituent components such as optical fibre, polarisers and Faraday rotators have been modelled using the Jones matrix representation. Through selected simulation-based case studies, including external and internal (high resistive and solid) faults, the paper demonstrates that the proposed novel ODP scheme for busbar protection meets the protection relaying performance criteria in terms of discrimination, sensitivity, stability, as well as ultra-high speed of operation

Ratiometric Single-Molecule FRET Measurements to Probe Conformational Subpopulations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Over the past few decades, numerous examples have demonstrated that intrinsic disorder in proteins lies at the heart of many vital processes, including transcriptional regulation, stress response, cellular signaling, and most recently protein liquid-liquid phase separation. The so-called intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) involved in these processes have presented a challenge to the classic protein "structure-function paradigm," as their functions do not necessarily involve well-defined structures. Understanding the mechanisms of IDP function is likewise challenging because traditional structure determination methods often fail with such proteins or provide little information about the diverse array of structures that can be related to different functions of a single IDP. Single-molecule fluorescence methods can overcome this ensemble-average masking, allowing the resolution of subpopulations and dynamics and thus providing invaluable insights into IDPs and their function. In this protocol, we describe a ratiometric single-molecule F\uf6rster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) routine that permits the investigation of IDP conformational subpopulations and dynamics. We note that this is a basic protocol, and we provide brief information and references for more complex analysis schemes available for in-depth characterization. This protocol covers optical setup preparation and protein handling and provides insights into experimental design and outcomes, together with background information about theory and a brief discussion of troubleshooting. \ua9 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol: Ratiometric smFRET detection and analysis of IDPs Support Protocol 1: Fluorophore labeling of a protein through maleimide chemistry Support Protocol 2: Sample chamber preparation Support Protocol 3: Determination of direct excitation of acceptor by donor excitation and leakage of donor emission to acceptor emission channel

Faktor Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kelengkapan Pengungkapan Laporan Keuangan pada Perusahaan Property dan Real Estate yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2009 - 2011

The purpose of this research is to test the effect of the current ratio, net profit margin, debt to asset ratio, firm size, firm age, and the share of public ownership toward completeness of the disclosure of financial statements. The data used in this research is secondary data from annual financial reports of property & real estate company in 2009 - 2011 were obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The selection of the sample using purposive sampling. Based on the criteria, obtained a sample of 33 firms in this research. While the analysis tool used is multiple linear regression with the T-Test, to know how the effects of the independent variables toward dependent variable partially and R2 test to know the level of relationship of independent variables toward dependent variable. The research result showed that net profit margin, debt to asset ratio and the share of public ownership have a significant effect on the completeness of the disclosure of financial statements based on net profit margin with p value 0.010, debt to asset ratio of 0.024 and the share of public ownership of 0.000 from the α 0,05, but other variables such as current ratio, firm size and firm age does not affect the completeness of the disclosure of financial statements. The coefficient of determination of this research is 43.70%.Keywords : completeness of the disclosure of financial statements. current ratio, net profit margin, debt to asset ratio, firm size, firm age, and the share of public ownershi

Kelengkapan Pengungkapan Laporan Keuangan pada Perusahaan Property & Real Estate yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2011-2013

This study examined the effects of current ratio,net profit margin, debt to asset ratio, firm size, firm status, firm age and proportion of public ownership on disclosure extend of annual report. The sample of this study is 41 of Property and Real Estate Companies Listed On The Stock Exchange (BEI) during 2011-2013. Analytical techniques used to perform the hypothesis testing is purposive sampling. Data are analyzed using logistic regression method using SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) 17 version. The results showed that current ratio, net profit margin, firm status, firm age and proportion of public ownership had a effect to disclosure extend of annual report. But debt to asset ratio and firm size had not effect to disclosure extend of annual report. Current ratio showed signification values 0,035. This the decision made is to accept hypothesis H1. Net profit margin showed signification values 0,024. This the decision made was to accept hypothesis H2. Debt to asset ratio showed signification values 0,518. This the decision made is to reject hypothesis H3. Firm size showed coefficient signification values 0,648. This the decision made was to reject hypothesis H4. Firm status showed signification values 0,039. This the decision made is to accept hypothesis H5. Firm age showed signification values 0,012. This the decision made is to accept hypothesis H6. And proportion of public ownership showed signification values 0,000. This the decision made is to accept hypothesis H7.Keywords: Financial statement, Property and Real Estate Companies, The Stock Exchange Of Indonesi

Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Risiko Keuangan, Nilai Perusahaan, Kepemilikan Manajerial, dan Dividend Payout Ratio terhadap Praktik Perataan Laba (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Real Estate dan Properti yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2011-2013)

This study aims to demonstrate the influence of profitability, financial risk, firm value, managerial ownership, and dividend payout ratio toward income smoothing practice done by management. The population in this study is all real estate and property company listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). Samples were decided by using purposive sampling method. Samples in this study choose based on several criteria and as much as 35 (thirty five) companies were selected. The methodology used in this is multiple regressions analysis. The results of this study stated that financial risk (LEV) has significant effect to the income smoothing practice of real estate and Property Company listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange year 2011-2013. While the ROA, PBV, MOWN, and DPR have no significant effect to the income smoothing practice of real estate and Property Company listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2011-2013. Coefficient of determination obtained amount to 0,167 or 16,7%. It indicates that income smoothing practices in real estate and Property Company are described by 16,7% by ROA, LEV, PBV, MOWN, and DPR. The remaining of 83,3% are influenced by other factor which were not examined in this study.Keywords: Profitability (ROA), Financial Risk (LEV), Firm Value (PBV), Managerial Ownership (MOWN), Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), Income Smoothing Practice

Pengaruh Role Stress, Gender, Struktur Audit dan Profesionalisme terhadap Kinerja Auditor Bpk-ri Perwakilan Provinsi Riau

The study aimed to examine the role stress, gender, audit structure, andprofessionalism on auditor performance of BPK-RI representative Riau province.The sample was taken using the method of purposive sampling from BPKRIrepresentative Riau province. The sampling used was of 50 samples. Themethod of analysis in this study using multiple regression.The results of this study indicate that gender and audit structure effect onauditor performance. While role stress and professionalism does not effect on riskmanagement disclosure.Keyword: Role stress, gender, audit structure, professionalism, auditorperformance

Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Pada SMPN 3 Ingin Jaya Kabupaten Aceh Besar

: This study aimed to determine the teacher's pedagogical competence in lesson planning, learning process, and in improving students' motivation. To achieve these objectives, this study used descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through interview, observation, and documentation. The procedures of data analysis were data reduction data display and data verification. The subjects of this study were the principal, vice-principals and teachers. The results showed that: (1) the teachers' pedagogical competence in lesson planning was done by preparing a lesson plan draft, but some teachers did not bring the lesson plan during the learning process so that the learning objectives were not maximally achieved; (2) the teachers' pedagogical competence in the learning process was done by comprehending and solidifying the understanding on a number of learning materials contained in textbooks. Whereas in the learning process, there were for classroom management and undisciplined use of time: and (3) the teachers' pedagogical competence in improving student motivation was done by providing opportunities for students to be actively involved in the use of information and coomunication technology facilities in the achievementof learning goals, communicating effectively with learners, and conducting reflectieve action to improve the quality of learning