Distribusi Penyakit Layu Fusarium Dan Layu Bakteri Ralstonia Pada Lokasi Sumber Bibit Dan Sekolah Lapang Pengendalian Hama Terpadu Pisang Di Sumatera Barat

Sumatera Barat merupakan provinsi paling parah yang diserang oleh dua patogen layu pisang, Fusarium oxysporum cubense dan Ralstonia solanacearum. Diperkirakan lebih dari 60% areal pertanaman pisang tradisional di Sumatera Barat sudah rusak oleh kedua patogen ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan lokasi tanaman pisang yang bebas dari serangan kedua patogen tersebut, digunakan sebagai sumber bibit pisang. Di samping itu, penelitian juga bertujuan menentukan lokasi Sekolah Lapang Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (SLPHT) sebagai lokasi pendidikan lapang bagi petani. Seleksi lokasi sumber bibit dilakukan secara survei selama bulan Juli 2002, sedangkan untuk lokasi SLPHT didasarkan pada pertimbangan endemis serangan kedua patogen ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari seleksi lahan, ditemukan hanya dua lokasi yang dapat direkomendasikan sebagai lahan sumber bibit pisang, yaitu Desa Surian Randah dan Baruah Gunung di Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota. Di kedua lokasi tersebut, serangan patogen penyakit layu kurang dari 10%. Sedangkan lokasi SLPHT dipersiapkan masing-masing di Baso, Kabupaten Agam dan Salimpaung, Kabupaten Tanah Datar.Distribution of fusarium and ralstonia wilt diseases at the source of planting material sites of banana and field integrated pest management course in West Sumatera. West Sumatera is the most severe province attacked by two wilt pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum cubense and Ralstonia solanacearum. It was assumed that more than 60% of traditional banana cultivation has been destroyed by both of the phatogens. This study was aimed to select the plantation free from both wilt diseases, to be used for source of planting material for banana. The study was also purposed to locate the Field Integrated Pest Management Course (FIPMC), as a field course for growers. Selection on the location for source of planting material site for banana was conducted through survey during the month of July 2002, while for FIPMC was based on the endemic of both of the pathogens. This study found that only two villages could be recommended for the source of planting material site for banana, those were Surian Randah and Baruah Gunung in Distric of Limapuluh Kota. At both of the villages, the attack of wilt diseases was less than 10%. While the area for FIPMC were decided in Baso Kabupaten Agam and Salimpaung Kabupaten Tanah Datar

Teknik Pengujian in Vitro Ketahanan Pisang Terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium Menggunakan Filtrat Toksin Dari Kultur Fusarium Oxysporum F. SP. Cubense

Sejauh ini informasi mengenai uji ketahanan pisang terhadap patogen layu fusarium menggunakan filtrat toksin patogennya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2002 sampai dengan Maret 2003 di laboratorium kultur jaringan, laboratorium penyakit, dan Rumahkasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah, Solok. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan teknik pengujian dini tingkat in vitro dengan media yang mengandung filtrat toksin dari kultur Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) serta mendapatkan tanaman pisang tahan Foc. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah acak lengkap dengan lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri dari 10 botol, masing-masing berisi satu plantlet. Untuk perlakuan toksin asam fusarat murni, setiap ulangan terdiri dari 2 botol. Perlakuan tersebut adalah konsentrasi 0, 10, 20, 40, dan 60% filtrat toksin asam fusarat dari kultur cendawan Foc dan konsentrasi 0; 0,05; 0,1; 0,2; dan 0,4 μM asam fusarat murni yang berperan sebagai pembanding. Pembuatan perlakuan dilakukan dengan menambahkan filtrat toksin dari kultur Foc dan toksin murni sesuai konsentrasi di atas ke dalam media tumbuh. Filtrat toksin asam fusarat dari kultur Foc pada konsentrasi 60 dan 40% dapat digunakan sebagai media dalam pengujian ketahanan pisang tingkat in vitro. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi filtrat toksin dari kultur Foc dan asam fusarat murni yang ditambahkan, semakin cepat masa inkubasi atau munculnya gejala penyakit. Terjadi fenomena recovery dari tanaman sakit akibat perlakuan toksin murni asam fusarat dan filtrat toksin dari kultur Foc. Filtrat toksin dari kultur Foc berpeluang digunakan sebagai media pengujian dini ketahanan pisang terhadap layu fusarium. In vitro screening techniques for resistance of Musa to fusarium wilt disease by using filtrate toxin from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense culture. So far, study on the in vitro screening techniques for banana resistant to fusarium wilt disease by using filtrate toxin of its pathogen, was limited. The experiment was conducted at tissue culture laboratory, plant pathology laboratory and screenhouse of Indonesian Fruit Research Institute, Solok from June 2002 to March 2003. The objective of this study was to find out in vitro techniques for selecting of Musa to wilt disease by using filtrate toxin from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) culture and to find out resistant plant. The experiment was arranged in a randomized completely design with five treatments (concentration of filtrate toxin 0; 10; 20; 40; and 60%) and five replications, each replications consist of ten bottle of plantlets. The consentration of fusaric acid used as comparison were 0; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; and 0.4 μM. The results showed that concentration of filtrate toxin fusarium culture at 60 and 40% could be used as a selection medium for in vitro screening techniques for Musa resistance to Foc. The higher concentration of filtrate toxin of Foc culture and fusaric acid, the faster disease incubation periode appeared. There was recovery of attacked plant due to fusaric acid and filtrate toxin of culture Foc treatment. This filtrate can be used as an early testing medium for resistance to fusarium wilt of banana

Uji Repelensi Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon Nardus (L.) Rendle) terhadap Beberapa Strain Kecoak Jerman (Blattella Germanica L.)

Minyak esensial dari tumbuhan telah banyak digunakan sebagai repelen serangga, salah satu minyak esensial tersebut berasal dari ekstrak sereh wangi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat tingkat repelensi ekstrak sereh wangi terhadap beberapa strain kecoak Jerman. Metoda yang digunakan adalah Tarsal Contact Test dengan rancangan acak lengkap dengan strain kecoak sebagai perlakuan. Kecoak yang digunakan adalah kecoak jantan strain standar (VCRU-WHO) dan strain lapangan (HHB-JKT, PLZ-PDG dan KRS-BDG) yang dikoleksi dari beberapa tempat berbeda di Indonesia. Repelensi berkisar antara 82-93% setelah jam ke-6 dan 57-84% pada jam ke-24. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antar strain kecoak pada taraf 5%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sereh wangi bersifat repelen terhadap kecoak Jerman.

Uji Virulensi Isolat Fusarium Oxysporum F.sp. Cubense Dalam Vegetative Compatibility Group Complex 0124 Pada Tanaman Pisang

Patogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) ras 1 dilaporkan tidak patogenik terhadap pisang kelompok Cavendish, namun beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ras 1 pada kondisi tertentu juga dapat menyerang pisang kelompok Cavendish. Sedikit laporan tentang variasi virulensi Foc ras 1 dalam VCG complex 0124 terhadap pisang Ambon Kuning (AAA/Gros Michel) dan Ambon Hijau (AAA/Cav.subgroup). Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui variasi virulensi isolat Foc dalam VCG complex 0124 terhadap pisang Ambon Kuning dan Ambon Hijau. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Proteksi dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika Solok, dari Bulan April sampai Oktober 2011. Rancangan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok faktorial dengan tiga ulangan setiap perlakuan terdiri atas 10 tanaman. Faktor pertama ialah lima isolat Foc dalam VCG complex 0124: F1=0124/5 (WJP 02), F2=0124/5/8 (WJG 03), F3=0124/5/8 (WJG 09), F4=0124/5 (Indo 119), dan F5=0124/5/20 (02020114B) dan faktor kedua ialah dua varietas pisang yaitu: V1= varietas Ambon Hijau (AAA/Cav.subgroup) dan V2=varietas Ambon Kuning (AAA/Gros Michel). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua isolat Foc dalam VCG complex 0124 yang diuji dapat menyerang pisang Ambon Kuning dan Ambon Hijau dengan persentase serangan yang sangat tinggi yaitu 96,67–98,33%. Perlakuan tunggal jenis isolat terhadap peubah masa inkubasi menunjukkan bahwa isolat 0124/5/8 (WJG 03) masa inkubasinya paling panjang yaitu 26,57 hari dan berbeda nyata dengan isolat lainnya. Masa inkubasi penyakit oleh semua isolat yang diuji pada Ambon Kuning lebih panjang (24,27 hari) dan berbeda nyata dengan Ambon Hijau (16,42 hari). Semua isolat Foc yang diuji sangat virulen pada pisang Ambon Kuning (AAA/Gros Michel) dan Ambon Hijau (AAA/Cav.subgroup) dengan indeks keparahan penyakit pada daun dan bonggol berkisar antara 4,72–5,22 dan 5,03–5,14. Hasil penelitian ini mendorong kajian lebih lanjut tentang biologi dan virulensi patogen dalam rangka memperoleh teknik pengendalian yang tepat

Potensi Trigona Spp. Sebagai Agen Penyebar Bakteri Ralstonia Solanacearum Phylotipe IV Penyebab Penyakit Darah Pada Tanaman Pisang

Banana blood disease (Blood Disease Bacteria, BDB) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Phylotype IV is the most important banana disease in Indonesia. So far, information on the spread of disease by insects is very limited. The research was aimed to determine the role of insect as a disseminator of R. solanacearum Phylotype IV and to determine the amount of BDB inoculum carried by each individual insect. The experiment was conducted in May - September 2008. Samples of insects (adult insects, the young insects, larvae, eggs), nectar, and pollen were taken from a colony of Trigona spp. collected from BDB endemic area, Baso plateau (876 m asl) using purposive sampling method. Active adult insects were collected from the BDB infected banana flowers and healthy banana flowers. BDB on adult insects was isolated from the caput and abdomen, while for the young insects, larvae and pupae the isolation source were not differentiated. Each of the samples was rinsed, macerated, and cultured on medium containing Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride (TTC). BDB isolate characterization and identification were conducted through morphological, physiological, and pathogenicity tests. The parameter observed was the: population of BDB (cfu/ml) on each stage of insect development. The results showed that BDB can be isolated from the outside and the inside of the body of an adult, a young insect, pupa, larva also on pollen and nectar but it was not found in eggs. BDB population was higher in inside part fo the insect body in each phase of the development of the insect. From all phases, the BDB was higher in inner part of the body of adult insects which have visited infected banana flower

POTENSI TRIGONA SPP. SEBAGAI AGEN PENYEBAR BAKTERI RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM PHYLOTIPE IV PENYEBAB PENYAKIT DARAH PADA TANAMAN PISANG

Banana blood disease (Blood Disease Bacteria, BDB) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Phylotype IV is the most important banana disease in Indonesia. So far, information on the spread of disease by insects is very limited. The research was aimed to determine the role of insect as a disseminator of R. solanacearum Phylotype IV and to determine the amount of BDB inoculum carried by each individual insect. The experiment was conducted in May - September 2008. Samples of insects (adult insects, the young insects, larvae, eggs), nectar, and pollen were taken from a colony of Trigona spp. collected from BDB endemic area, Baso plateau (876 m asl) using purposive sampling method. Active adult insects were collected from the BDB infected banana flowers and healthy banana flowers. BDB on adult insects was isolated from the caput and abdomen, while for the young insects, larvae and pupae the isolation source were not differentiated. Each of the samples was rinsed, macerated, and cultured on medium containing Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride (TTC). BDB isolate characterization and identification were conducted through morphological, physiological, and pathogenicity tests. The parameter observed was the: population of BDB (cfu/ml) on each stage of insect development. The results showed that BDB can be isolated from the outside and the inside of the body of an adult, a young insect, pupa, larva also on pollen and nectar but it was not found in eggs. BDB population was higher in inside part fo the insect body in each phase of the development of the insect. From all phases, the BDB was higher in inner part of the body of adult insects which have visited infected banana flower

Induksi Ketahanan Tanaman Jahe Terhadap Penyakit Layu Ralstonia Solanacearum Ras 4 Menggunakan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (Fma) Indigenus

Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 4 is a yield-limiting disease of ginger. A study to investigate the ability of indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF) to reduce bacteria wilt disease has been done. This research was designed by using Randomized Block Design (RBD) at greenhouse experiments, using eight AMF isolates with six replication. As supporting data, population R. solanacearum race 4 after treatments was assesed. The results showed that aplication of indigenous AMF to ginger rhizome as seed treatment dicreased disease incidence, support ginger growth and production such as the seedling formation 150%, plant height 98.6%, the number of leaf 115,7%. As the result yield of ginger rhizome increased by 400 % and phyloplan 598,3%, respectively, compared to the control