Optimization of copper for the improvement of in vitro plant tissue growth of Solanum nigrum

Here was investigated the incorporation of copper in MS medium on growth, and metabolic activities of Solanum nigrum callus. Copper up to 75 µM increased the growth, and thereafter a decline was observed. No considerable alteration in MDA, H2O2, bound phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbate, and copper content was observed with the existence of 25 µM copper, then levels of these parameters were raised with rising copper concentrations. Similarly, 25 µM copper didn't induce a considerable change in lipoxygenase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and polyphenol oxidase activities, however, high levels stimulated these enzymes. Copper at 25 µM didn’t considerably reduce amino acids and soluble proteins, whereas higher concentrations reduced these parameters. Copper treatments reduced the soluble carbohydrates accumulation; only 75 µM enhanced this accumulation. Copper at 25 µM significantly increased the potassium accumulation, whereas higher concentrations reduced this accumulation. From these results, it might be contemplated the optimum effect concerning copper. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.284864

A dual-light reporter system to determine the efficiency of protein–protein interactions in mammalian cells

Methods for determining protein–protein interactions in mammalian cells typically rely on single reporter functions and are susceptible to variations between samples particularly in regard to levels of transcription, processing and translation. A method has been developed for determining protein–protein interactions in mammalian cells, which bypasses these variables confounding single reporter assays. The approach utilizes two units of gene expression linked to reporter functions that are interposed by a deactivation–activation unit in such a way that the downstream expression unit is switched off. Hence upstream expression occurs regardless of protein–protein interaction, leading to the production of the upstream reporter. In the event of protein–protein interactions, the downstream expression unit is switched on leading to dual reporter read outs. Thus, the ratio of the two reporter activities provides a measure to determine the efficiency of protein–protein interactions. To access the system we screened a mutant of BMPR2 where the interaction between BMPR-II and LIMK is abrogated. BMPR-II is a type II receptor of the TGFβ superfamily and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of familial pulmonary arterial hypertension. This system has potential for high-throughput screening of libraries (peptide, chemical, cDNA, etc.) to isolate agents that are capable of interfering with highly selective protein–protein interaction

Effect of Advertisement on Purchasing Energy Drink in Dhaka City of Bangladesh

Public announcement intended to promote the sale, purchase or rental of a product or service to advance a cause or idea or to bring about some other effect desired by the advertiser, for which transmission time has been given to the advertiser for remuneration or similar consideration. The consumer durables usually calls for a greater exchange and hence the consumer decision-making process turns into a comparative critical evaluation method before the purchase is made; the first moving consumers good (FMCG) do not follow the same procedure in reaching at the purchase decision. Failure to address the advertising communication tools accordingly is wastage of valuable time, money, effort as well as other resources. For instances, communicating through an ineffective media or otherwise failing to reach the target segment is wastage of resources along with loss of sales as well as other favorable consequences. So that this paper tries to identify the advertisement effectiveness of energy drinks in different media on the buying decision among the peoples of Dhaka in Bangladesh. In order to reach the study objectives convenience/purposive sampling has been employed and sample is selected from different shopping mall of different areas of Dhaka city. The results of this study show that advertisement has great influence in expanding Energy drink Company. So producer should spend huge amount of money in advertisement and also should prepare the advertisement in such way that people of all classes are attracted of that advertisement and the most effective media is TV. Keywords: Energy Drink, Advertisement, Dhaka City, Banglades