INFLUÊNCIA DA REFRIGERAÇÃO NA PRESERVAÇÃO DO NÚMERO TOTAL DE HEMÓCITOS DE CAMARÕES MARINHOS Litopenaeus vannamei CULTIVADOS UTILIZANDO-SE CITRATO DE SÓDIO

For carrying out blood cell count, the use anti-coagulants is necessary, and in the specific case of the hemolymph in shrimp, there is still no standard solution to avoid its coagulation. Sodium citrate is frequently used as anti-coagulant, because it has been previously proven to be efficient in the preservation of the hemocytes of the sea shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. In 140 samples of hemolymph with sodium citrate (10%) in the ratio of 1:1, collected at 2 stages of cultivation, in dry and wet season, were examined for HTC immediately after collection and then again after storage in the refrigerator. All data were analyzed using modeling mathematics formulas (P < 0.05). After storage in the refrigerator, the number of cells decreased considerably. Therefore, the anticoagulant sodium citrate only preserved the hemolymph of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei for HTC when the count was done immediately after collection

Situação epidemiológica da tuberculose bovina no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

The epidemiological situation of bovine tuberculosis was studied in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The state was divided into three regions, and a predetermined number of properties was randomly sampled in each region. In each property, females aged 24 months or older were randomly selected and subjected to the cervical comparative tuberculin test. Altogether, 5,728 animals from 906 properties were tested. In the evaluated properties, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied to identify risk factors related to bovine tuberculosis. The prevalence of infected herds and infected animals and in the state was 2.87% [1.82–4.50] and 0.62% [0.29–1.29], respectively. There was a predominance trend of infected herds in the properties located in the dry areas of Pernambuco, where most dairy properties are found. The risk factors related to the occurrence of positive herds were: presence of 18 or more cows in the herd, milking the cows two or three times a day, and sharing the grazing area. In conclusion, the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Pernambuco is low, and the best strategy to be adopted is the implementation of a surveillance system for detection and sanitation of infected herds, preferably by incorporating risk-based surveillance strategies. In addition, the State should implement an effective sanitary program to enable producers to test their animals for bovine tuberculosis before inserting them into the herds, as well as avoid sharing the grazing areas with properties that are not free of bovine tuberculosis.A situação epidemiológica da tuberculose bovina foi estudada no estado de Pernambuco. O estado foi dividido em três regiões e em cada uma delas foi aleatoriamente amostrado um número pré-estabelecido de propriedades. Dentro de cada propriedade, fêmeas com idade igual ou superior a 24 meses foram escolhidas aleatoriamente e submetidas ao teste Tuberculínico Cervical Comparativo. Ao todo foram testados 5.728 animais provenientes de 906 propriedades. Nas propriedades, foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para identificar fatores de risco associados à tuberculose bovina. A prevalência de focos no estado foi de 2,87% [1,82; 4,50] e a de animais 0,62% [0,29; 1,29]. Houve tendência de concentração de focos na região do Agreste do estado, caracterizada pelo predomínio de propriedades de leite. Os fatores de risco associados à condição de foco foram ter 18 ou mais vacas no rebanho, ordenhar as vacas 2 ou 3 vezes ao dia e compartilhar pastagem. Concluindo, o estado tem baixa prevalência de tuberculose bovina e a melhor estratégia a ser adotada é a implementação de sistema de vigilância para detecção e saneamento dos focos, de preferência incorporando elementos de vigilância baseada em risco. Além disso, o estado deve realizar uma sólida ação de educação sanitária para que seus produtores passem a testar os animais para tuberculose bovina antes de introduzi-los em seus plantéis e deixem de compartilhar pastagem com propriedades que não sejam livres de tuberculose bovina