AIC tables of the models to explain variation in the average HC levels of KS chimpanzees in 2013.

<p>AIC tables of the models to explain variation in the average HC levels of KS chimpanzees in 2013.</p

Changes in aggressive behaviors by an alpha male and HC levels of two males after relocation.

<p>Bar plots indicate the number of aggressive encounters initiated by an alpha male toward group members. Line charts indicate changes in HC concentration in this male and one other after relocation. The alpha male (Loi) moved to another institution in the 20^th month.</p

Profile of chimpanzees in Study 1.

<p>Profile of chimpanzees in Study 1.</p

Parameter estimates from the models used to explain variation in the average HC levels of KS chimpanzees in 2013.

<p>Parameter estimates from the models used to explain variation in the average HC levels of KS chimpanzees in 2013.</p

Summary table of the subjects' sex, age, genotype, and personality <i>T</i>-score^†.

<p>Note.</p>†<p><i>Mean</i> = 50 and <i>SD</i> = 10. Dom = Dominance, Ext = Extraversion, Con = Conscientiousness, Agr = Agreeableness, Neu = Neuroticism, Opn = Openness.</p><p>*Other Japanese chimpanzees include 5 subjects from the Kyoto University Primate Research Institute, 2 subjects from the Higashiyama Zoo, 1 chimpanzee from the Itouzu-no-mori Zoo, 1 chimpanzee from the Kouchi Zoo, and 1 chimpanzee from the Tama Zoo.</p

Effect of Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 polymorphism on chimpanzee personality trait: Linear regression analysis with sex and age as the covariates.

<p>Note.</p>†<p>MAF: minor allele frequency.</p><p>*The combined samples includes 26 subjects from Chimpanzee Sanctuary Uto, 21 subjects from Guinea, and a total of 10 subjects from the Kyoto University Primate Research Institute (<i>n</i> = 5), Higashiyama Zoo (<i>n</i> = 2), Itouzu-no-mori Zoo (<i>n</i> = 1), Kouchi Zoo (<i>n</i> = 1), and Tama Zoo (<i>n</i> = 1). Boldfaced values indicate statistically significant effects (<i>p</i><.05). Underlined values indicate trends (<i>p</i><0.1).</p

Mean personality domain scores by genotype for chimpanzees living in Chimpanzee Sanctuary Uto, the sanctuary in Guinea, and the combined sample.

†<p>The combined samples includes 26 subjects from Chimpanzee Sanctuary Uto, 21 subjects from Guinea, and a total of 10 subjects from the Kyoto University Primate Research Institute (<i>n</i> = 5), Higashiyama Zoo (<i>n</i> = 2), Itouzu-no-mori Zoo (<i>n</i> = 1), Kouchi Zoo (<i>n</i> = 1), and Tama Zoo (<i>n</i> = 1).</p