3 research outputs found
Multifunctional Glycoconjugate Assisted Nanocrystalline Drug Delivery for Tumor Targeting and Permeabilization of Lysosomal-Mitochondrial Membrane
Nanotechnology
has emerged as the most successful strategy for targeting drug payloads
to tumors with the potential to overcome the problems of low concentration
at the target site, nonspecific distribution, and untoward toxicities.
Here, we synthesized a novel polymeric conjugate comprising chondroitin
sulfate A and polyethylene glycol using carbodiimide chemistry. We
further employed this glycoconjugate possessing the propensity to
provide stability, stealth effects, and tumor targeting via CD44 receptors,
all in one, to develop a nanocrystalline system of docetaxel (DTX@CSA-NCs)
with size < 200 nm, negative zeta potential, and 98% drug content.
Taking advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention effect
coupled with receptor mediated endocytosis, the DTX@CSA-NCs cross
the peripheral tumor barrier and penetrate deeper into the cells of
tumor mass. In MDA-MB-231 cells, this enhanced cellular uptake was
observed to exhibit a higher degree of cytotoxicity and arrest in
the G2 phase in a time dependent fashion. Acting via a mitochondrial-lysosomotropic
pathway, DTX@CSA-NCs disrupted the membrane potential and integrity
and outperformed the clinically used formulation. Upon intravenous
administration, the DTX@CSA-NCs showed better pharmacokinetic profile
and excellent 4T1 induced tumor inhibition with significantly less
off target toxicity. Thus, this glycoconjugate stabilized nanocrystalline
formulation has the potential to take nano-oncology a step forward
In Depth Analysis of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Patch-Assisted Delivery of Memantine and Donepezil Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and in Vitro/in Vivo Correlations
The objective of
this work was to evaluate the feasibility of transdermal
delivery of two widely prescribed dementia drugs for the Alzheimer’s
disease. In this regard, the drug in adhesive patches of memantine
(ME) co-loaded with donepezil (DO) was prepared using an ethylene
vinyl acetate polymer and characterized for drug content, the crystallinity
of drugs in the polymer matrix, and in vitro permeation. To understand
the different physical and chemical processes underlying the percutaneous
absorption, it is required to employ a comprehensive model that accounts
for the anatomy and physiology of the skin. A transdermal physiologically
based pharmacokinetic (TPBPK) model was developed and was integrated
in a compartmental pharmacokinetic model to predict the plasma drug
concentrations in rats. The model predictions showed a good fit with
the experimental data, as evaluated by the prediction error calculated
for both drugs. It was evident from the simulations that the drug
diffusivity and partition coefficient in the polymer matrix are the
critical parameters that affect the drug release from the vehicle
and subsequently influence the in vivo pharmacokinetic profile. Moreover,
a correlation function was built between the in vitro permeation data
and in vivo absorption for both ME and DO. A good point-to-point in
vitro/in vivo correlation (IVIVC, Level A correlation) was achieved
by predicting the plasma concentrations with convolution for the entire
study duration. The results of our study suggested that the implementation
of mechanistic modeling along with IVIVC can be a valuable tool to
evaluate the relative effects of formulation variables on the bioavailability
from transdermal delivery systems
Vitamin B6 Tethered Endosomal pH Responsive Lipid Nanoparticles for Triggered Intracellular Release of Doxorubicin
This study reports the development
of Vitamin B6 (VitB6) modified
pH sensitive charge reversal nanoparticles for efficient intracellular
delivery of Doxorubicin (DOX). Herein, VitB6 was conjugated to stearic
acid, and the nanoparticles of the lipid were formulated by solvent
injection method (DOX-B6-SA-NP). Because of the p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> (5.6) of VitB6, DOX-B6-SA-NP showed positive charge
and enhanced release of DOX at pH 5. Confocal microscopy illustrated
that DOX-B6-SA-NP treatment kept higher DOX accumulation inside the
cells than conventional pH insensitive lipid nanoparticles (DOX-SA-NP).
The cationic charge of nanoparticles subsequently facilitated the
endosomal escape and promoted the nuclear accumulation of DOX. Furthermore,
in vitro cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and mitochondrial
membrane depolarization studies supported the enhanced efficacy of
DOX-B6-SA-NP in comparison to free DOX and DOX-SA-NP. Intravenous
pharmacokinetics and biodistribution investigations indicated that
pH sensitive nanoparticles can significantly prolong the blood circulation
time of DOX in biological system and increase the drug accumulation
to tumor site. Consequent to this, DOX-B6-SA-NP also exhibited much
enhanced therapeutic efficacy and lower toxicity in tumor-bearing
rats compared to free DOX. The reduction in toxicity was confirmed
by histological and survival analysis. In conclusion, these results
suggest that the VitB6 modified charge reversal nanoparticles can
be a novel platform for the successful delivery of anticancer drugs