Domain-wall fermions with U(1)U(1) dynamical gauge fields

We have carried out a numerical simulation of a domain-wall model in $(2+1)$-dimensions, in the presence of a dynamical gauge field only in an extra dimension, corresponding to the weak coupling limit of a ( 2-dimensional ) physical gauge coupling. Using a quenched approximation we have investigated this model at $\beta_{s} ( = 1 / g^{2}_{s} ) =$ 0.5 ( ``symmetric'' phase), 1.0, and 5.0 (``broken'' phase), where $g_s$ is the gauge coupling constant of the extra dimension. We have found that there exists a critical value of a domain-wall mass $m_{0}^{c}$ which separates a region with a fermionic zero mode on the domain-wall from the one without it, in both symmetric and broken phases. This result suggests that the domain-wall method may work for the construction of lattice chiral gauge theories.Comment: 27 pages (11 figures), latex (epsf style-file needed

Detection of Circulating Filarial Antigen

Affinity binding to specific solid phase antibody, immune complex binding to Raji cells or PEG precipitation of immune complexes was used in conjunction with Western blotting to detect circulating filarial antigen in filarial sera. A high molecular weight antigen was present in free as well as complex form. PEG precipitation method revealed specific filarial antigens in the low molecular weight region also

Spontaneous Flavor and Parity Breaking with Wilson Fermions

We discuss the phase diagram of Wilson fermions in the $m_0$--$g^2$ plane for two-flavor QCD. We argue that, as originally suggested by Aoki, there is a phase in which flavor and parity are spontaneously broken. Recent numerical results on the spectrum of the overlap Hamiltonian have been interpreted as evidence against Aoki's conjecture. We show that they are in fact consistent with the presence of a flavor-parity broken ``Aoki phase''. We also show how, as the continuum limit is approached, one can study the lattice theory using the continuum chiral Lagrangian supplemented by additional terms proportional to powers of the lattice spacing. We find that there are two possible phase structures at non-zero lattice spacing: (1) there is an Aoki phase of width $\Delta m_0 \sim a^3$ with two massless Goldstone pions; (2) there is no symmetry breaking, and all three pions have an equal non-vanishing mass of order $a$. Present numerical evidence suggests that the former option is realized for Wilson fermions. Our analysis then predicts the form of the pion masses and the flavor-parity breaking condensate within the Aoki phase. Our analysis also applies for non-perturbatively improved Wilson fermions.Comment: 22 pages, LaTeX, 5 figures (added several references and a comment

Shared autonomous vehicle services: A comprehensive review

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd The actions of autonomous vehicle manufacturers and related industrial partners, as well as the interest from policy makers and researchers, point towards the likely initial deployment of autonomous vehicles as shared autonomous mobility services. Numerous studies are lately being published regarding Shared Autonomous Vehicle (SAV) applications and hence, it is imperative to have a comprehensive outlook, consolidating the existing knowledge base. This work comprehensively consolidates studies in the rapidly emerging field of SAV. The primary focus is the comprehensive review of the foreseen impacts, which are categorised into seven groups, namely (i) Traffic & Safety, (ii) Travel behaviour, (iii) Economy, (iv) Transport supply, (v) Land–use, (vi) Environment & (vii) Governance. Pertinently, an SAV typology is presented and the components involved in modelling SAV services are described. Issues relating to the expected demand patterns and a required suitable policy framework are explicitly discussed

Identification & differentiation of Mycobacterium avium & M. intracellulare by PCR- RFLP assay using the groES gene

Background & objectives: We report a new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) – restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay using mycobacterial groES as a target to identify Mycobacterium avium and M. intracellulare in clinical samples. Methods: The assay was standardized using M. avium and M. intracellulare standard strains obtained from ATCC and was tested with 45 M. avium-M. intracellulare complex (MAC) clinical isolates (Of which 31 were from HIV+ individuals). The standard and clinical strains were typed with HPLC based mycolic acid fingerprinting. Results: Three polymorphisms (BamHI, BstNI and HgaI) were identified for inter-species differentiation among standard strains; of which, only HgaI was found to be useful in clinical isolates. Of the 45 isolates, 25 were M. avium and 20 were M. intracelluare. MAC isolates, which could not be differentiated by HPLC analysis, were also typed by this method. Interpretation & conclusions: The use of mycobacterial groES as a PCR-RFLP target for M. avium and M. intracellulare is a simple and rapid method that can complement HPLC in their differentiation

Elastic properties of graphene flakes: boundary effects and lattice vibrations

We present a calculation of the free energy, the surface free energy and the elastic constants ("Lam'e parameters" i.e, Poisson ratio, Young's modulus) of graphene flakes on the level of the density functional theory employing different standard functionals. We observe that the Lam'e parameters in small flakes can differ from the bulk values by 30% for hydrogenated zig-zag edges. The change results from the edge of the flake that compresses the interior. When including the vibrational zero point motion, we detect a decrease in the bending rigidity by ~26%. This correction is depending on the flake size, N, because the vibrational frequencies flow with growing N due to the release of the edge induced compression. We calculate Grueneisen parameters and find good agreement with previous authors.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figure

Perturbative study for domain-wall fermions in 4+1 dimensions

We investigate a U(1) chiral gauge model in 4+1 dimensions formulated on the lattice via the domain-wall method. We calculate an effective action for smooth background gauge fields at a fermion one loop level. From this calculation we discuss properties of the resulting 4 dimensional theory, such as gauge invariance of 2 point functions, gauge anomalies and an anomaly in the fermion number current.Comment: 39 pages incl. 9 figures, REVTeX+epsf, uuencoded Z-compressed .tar fil

On the continuum limit of fermionic topological charge in lattice gauge theory

It is proved that the fermionic topological charge of SU(N) lattice gauge fields on the 4-torus, given in terms of a spectral flow of the Hermitian Wilson--Dirac operator, or equivalently, as the index of the Overlap Dirac operator, reduces to the continuum topological charge in the classical continuum limit when the parameter $m_0$ is in the physical region $0<m_0<2$.Comment: latex, 18 pages. v2: Several comments added. To appear in J.Math.Phy

Chiral Symmetry Restoration in the Schwinger Model with Domain Wall Fermions

Domain Wall Fermions utilize an extra space time dimension to provide a method for restoring the regularization induced chiral symmetry breaking in lattice vector gauge theories even at finite lattice spacing. The breaking is restored at an exponential rate as the size of the extra dimension increases. Before this method can be used in dynamical simulations of lattice QCD, the dependence of the restoration rate to the other parameters of the theory and, in particular, the lattice spacing must be investigated. In this paper such an investigation is carried out in the context of the two flavor lattice Schwinger model.Comment: LaTeX, 37 pages including 18 figures. Added comments regarding power law fitting in sect 7. Also, few changes were made to elucidate the content in sect. 5.1 and 5.3. To appear in Phys. Rev.