10,419 research outputs found
Two dimensional fermions in three dimensional YM
Dirac fermions in the fundamental representation of SU(N) live on the surface
of a cylinder embedded in and interact with a three dimensional SU(N)
Yang Mills vector potential preserving a global chiral symmetry at finite .
As the circumference of the cylinder is varied from small to large, the chiral
symmetry gets spontaneously broken in the infinite limit at a typical bulk
scale. Replacing three dimensional YM by four dimensional YM introduces
non-trivial renormalization effects.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures, 5 table
Isolation and characterization of an insertion element-like repetitive sequence specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
We report the characterization of an insertion-like
repetitive sequence containing the clone of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. This repetitive sequence contains
seven inverted repeats. Restriction fragment length
polymorphism studies using this probe have shown
that it is not a highly polymorphic probe but rather
shows conservative fingerprint pattern. Out of the 150
strains tested, only three showed different fingerprint
patterns. It has several direct and inverted repeats.
Homology studies of the putative protein coding region
show that this repeat element might code for a
metalloproteinase of M. tuberculosis. Homology studies
also implicate this repeat element to be from a very
essential region of the M. tuberculosis genome participating
in recombination. This repeat has been found
to be an ideal target for polymerase chain reaction to
detect M. tuberculosis
Numerical computation of the beta function of large N SU(N) gauge theory coupled to an adjoint Dirac fermion
We use a single site lattice in four dimensions to study the scaling of large
N Yang-Mills field coupled to a single massless Dirac fermion in the adjoint
representation. We use the location of the strong to weak coupling transition
defined through the eigenvalues of the folded Wilson loop operator to set a
scale. We do not observe perturbative scaling in the region studied in this
paper. Instead, we observe that the scale changes very slowly with the bare
coupling. The lowest eigenvalue of the overlap Dirac operator is another scale
that shows similar behavior as a function of the lattice coupling. We speculate
that this behavior is due to the beta function appoaching close to a zero.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, revised version DOES NOT match the published
version in Physical Review
A Rate-Distortion Exponent Approach to Multiple Decoding Attempts for Reed-Solomon Codes
Algorithms based on multiple decoding attempts of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes
have recently attracted new attention. Choosing decoding candidates based on
rate-distortion (R-D) theory, as proposed previously by the authors, currently
provides the best performance-versus-complexity trade-off. In this paper, an
analysis based on the rate-distortion exponent (RDE) is used to directly
minimize the exponential decay rate of the error probability. This enables
rigorous bounds on the error probability for finite-length RS codes and leads
to modest performance gains. As a byproduct, a numerical method is derived that
computes the rate-distortion exponent for independent non-identical sources.
Analytical results are given for errors/erasures decoding.Comment: accepted for presentation at 2010 IEEE International Symposium on
Information Theory (ISIT 2010), Austin TX, US
On Multiple Decoding Attempts for Reed-Solomon Codes: A Rate-Distortion Approach
One popular approach to soft-decision decoding of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes is
based on using multiple trials of a simple RS decoding algorithm in combination
with erasing or flipping a set of symbols or bits in each trial. This paper
presents a framework based on rate-distortion (RD) theory to analyze these
multiple-decoding algorithms. By defining an appropriate distortion measure
between an error pattern and an erasure pattern, the successful decoding
condition, for a single errors-and-erasures decoding trial, becomes equivalent
to distortion being less than a fixed threshold. Finding the best set of
erasure patterns also turns into a covering problem which can be solved
asymptotically by rate-distortion theory. Thus, the proposed approach can be
used to understand the asymptotic performance-versus-complexity trade-off of
multiple errors-and-erasures decoding of RS codes.
This initial result is also extended a few directions. The rate-distortion
exponent (RDE) is computed to give more precise results for moderate
blocklengths. Multiple trials of algebraic soft-decision (ASD) decoding are
analyzed using this framework. Analytical and numerical computations of the RD
and RDE functions are also presented. Finally, simulation results show that
sets of erasure patterns designed using the proposed methods outperform other
algorithms with the same number of decoding trials.Comment: to appear in the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory (Special
Issue on Facets of Coding Theory: from Algorithms to Networks
Domain-wall fermions with dynamical gauge fields
We have carried out a numerical simulation of a domain-wall model in
-dimensions, in the presence of a dynamical gauge field only in an extra
dimension, corresponding to the weak coupling limit of a ( 2-dimensional )
physical gauge coupling. Using a quenched approximation we have investigated
this model at 0.5 ( ``symmetric'' phase),
1.0, and 5.0 (``broken'' phase), where is the gauge coupling constant of
the extra dimension. We have found that there exists a critical value of a
domain-wall mass which separates a region with a fermionic zero
mode on the domain-wall from the one without it, in both symmetric and broken
phases. This result suggests that the domain-wall method may work for the
construction of lattice chiral gauge theories.Comment: 27 pages (11 figures), latex (epsf style-file needed
Utility of polymerase chain reaction using two probes for rapid diagnosis of tubercular pleuritis in comparison to conventional methods
We have used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with IS6110 and a new set of primers from an insertion element
like repetitive sequence, (TRC4) to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pleural effusion samples from 50
patients having pleuritis. The results of PCR were compared with the results of conventional methods like
smear, culture and adenosine deaminase activity. Thirty six specimens were positive and 14 were negative by
PCR. Among the 36 samples, 33 were from patients with clinical evidence of tuberculosis including response to
anti-tuberculosis therapy. Only six samples were positive by the gold standard which is culture, and three were
positive by smear. The measurement of adenosine deaminase activity classified 19 samples as positives. The
overall sensitivity and specificity of PCR was 100 and 85 per cent respectively. PCR using IS6110 and TRC4
primers is a sensitive test as compared to conventional tests for detection of M. tuberculosis from pleural fluid
samples of patients with tubercular pleuritis
The fate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in activated human macrophages
Human peripheral blood monocytes, that are unstimulated
in vitro, permit free multiplication of
intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis after 72 h in
culture. There was no killing of bacilli in the intracellular
environment even after in vitro activation of
monocytes with a cocktail of lipopolysaccharide,
phorbol myristate acetate, interferon gamma and
tumour necrosis factor-alpha. We also tested the
ability of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in reducing
the intracellular viability of mycobacteria. Infected
monocytes upon ATP treatment underwent cell death,
but no loss in the intracellular viability of M. tuberculosis
or M. smegmatis could be observed
On the continuum limit of fermionic topological charge in lattice gauge theory
It is proved that the fermionic topological charge of SU(N) lattice gauge
fields on the 4-torus, given in terms of a spectral flow of the Hermitian
Wilson--Dirac operator, or equivalently, as the index of the Overlap Dirac
operator, reduces to the continuum topological charge in the classical
continuum limit when the parameter is in the physical region .Comment: latex, 18 pages. v2: Several comments added. To appear in J.Math.Phy
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