Incidence of Infectious Diseases in Patients Suffering from Renal Diseases

Background: Infection is an invasion of an organism’s body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce. Patients with renal compromised states are more susceptible to infection than normal individuals. In the pre-dialysis era, about 45% of patients with the renal compromised state suffering from infection required hospitalization, while a total of about 78% of the enrolled subjects needed hospitalization. It was assumed that the debility caused by the uremic state increased the risk of infection, and the reversal of uremia would reduce the risk of infection.Aim: The main aim of the study is to report the incidence of infectious diseases in patients with renal compromised state and appropriate measures to be considered to control infectious conditions.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out as prospective and cross-sectional studies. During the study period, a total of 195 subjects were examined with the renal compromised state, of which 108 subjects were suffering from infectious co-morbidity, and were enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, which includes in-patients, out-patients, and patients on regular dialysis.Results: This shows the percentage prevalence of infections in patients with the renal compromised state is 55.38. Patients were found to show various infectious states.Conclusion: The conclusion shows the probability of encountering a subject with renal compromised state along with co-morbid infection is 0.55. Evidence-based international guidelines are of great value and are instrumental in helping reduce health-care-associated infections.Keywords: Incidence of infectious diseases, Renal compromised state, Renal disease

Hydromagnetic non-Newtonian nanofluid transport phenomena from an isothermal vertical cone with partial slip : aerospace nanomaterial enrobing simulation

In this article, the combined magneto-hydrodynamic heat, momentum, and mass (species) transfer in external boundary layer flow of Casson nanofluid from a vertical cone surface with convective conditions under an applied magnetic field is studied theoretically. The effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis are incorporated in the model in the presence of both heat and nanoparticle mass transfer convective conditions. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into highly nonlinear, coupled, multidegree, nonsimilar PDEs consisting of the momentum, energy, and concentration equations via appropriate nonsimilarity transformations. These transformed conservation equations are solved subject to appropriate boundary conditions with a second-order, accurate finite difference method of the implicit type. The influences of the emerging parameters, that is, magnetic parameter (M), Casson fluid parameter (β), Brownian motion parameter (Nb), thermophoresis parameter (Nt), Lewis number (Le), Prandtl number (Pr), velocity slip (Sf) and thermal slip (ST) on velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration distributions is illustrated graphically and interpreted at length. Validation of solutions with a Nakamura tridiagonal method has been included. The study is relevant to enrobing processes for electrically conductive nanomaterials, of potential use in aerospace and other industries

A Clinical study of variable presentations and management options of gastric outlet obstruction in a tertiary care Centre, Karimnagar

Background: The management of gastric outlet obstruction poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to general surgeons practicing in resource-limited countries. The outcome of treatment of gastric outlet obstruction may be poor especially in developing countries where advanced diagnostic and therapeutic facilities are not readily available in most centers. Objective: To evaluate the variable presentations and management options of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) in a tertiary care centre, Karimnagar. Methods: The study was a prospective follow up study; total 30 patients of Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) have been included in this study. Patients have been selected from those attending to General Surgery Department, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences during the period of November 2015 to November 2017. Results: Out of 30 cases studied 20 cases are males and 10 females with GOO patients. The male to female ratio was 2:1. With regards to individual etiologies carcinoma stomach male to female ratio 1.4: 1 and chronic duodenal ulcers are seen in ratio of 2.5:1. Conclusion: In present day, carcinoma stomach appears to be the most common cause of gastric outlet obstruction. Malignant GOO had poor prognosis and mostly palliation is done. It focuses on the fact that there is delayed presentation with patients of upper gastro intestinal malignancy