12,841 research outputs found
One pion events by atmospheric neutrinos: A three flavor analysis
We study the one-pion events produced via neutral current (NC) and charged
current (CC) interactions by the atmospheric neutrinos. We analyze the ratios
of these events in the framework of oscillations between three neutrino
flavors. The ratios of the CC events induced by to that of the NC
events and a similar ratio defined with help us in distinguishing the
different regions of the neutrino parameter space.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures (separate postscript files
Linear response formula for open systems
An exact expression for the finite frequency response of open classical
systems coupled to reservoirs is obtained. The result is valid for any
conserved current. No assumption is made about the reservoirs apart from
thermodynamic equilibrium. At non-zero frequencies, the expression involves
correlation functions of boundary currents and cannot be put in the standard
Green-Kubo form involving currents inside the system
Biodegradable and compostable alternatives to conventional plastics
This article is available open access through the publisher’s website at the link below. Copyright @ 2009 The Royal Society.Packaging waste forms a significant part of municipal solid waste and has caused increasing environmental concerns, resulting in a strengthening of various regulations aimed at reducing the amounts generated. Among other materials, a wide range of oil-based polymers is currently used in packaging applications. These are virtually all non-biodegradable, and some are difficult to recycle or reuse due to being complex composites having varying levels of contamination. Recently, significant progress has been made in the development of biodegradable plastics, largely from renewable natural resources, to produce biodegradable materials with similar functionality to that of oil-based polymers. The expansion in these bio-based materials has several potential benefits for greenhouse gas balances and other environmental impacts over whole life cycles and in the use of renewable, rather than finite resources. It is intended that use of biodegradable materials will contribute to sustainability and reduction in the environmental impact associated with disposal of oil-based polymers.
The diversity of biodegradable materials and their varying properties makes it difficult to make simple, generic assessments such as biodegradable products are all ‘good’ or petrochemical-based products are all ‘bad’. This paper discusses the potential impacts of biodegradable packaging materials and their waste management, particularly via composting. It presents the key issues that inform judgements of the benefits these materials have in relation to conventional, petrochemical-based counterparts. Specific examples are given from new research on biodegradability in simulated ‘home’ composting systems. It is the view of the authors that biodegradable packaging materials are most suitable for single-use disposable applications where the post-consumer waste can be locally composted.EPSR
Testing LSND at long-baseline neutrino experiments
Recently it was suggested that two very different mass-squared differences
play a role in atmospheric neutrino oscillations. The larger of these also
accounts for the LSND result and the smaller of these also drives the solar
neutrino oscillations. We consider the predictions of this scheme for
long-baseline experiments. We find that high statistics experiments, such as
MINOS, can observe a clean signal for this scheme, which is clearly
distinguishable from the usual scheme of atmospheric neutrino oscillations
driven by a single mass-squared difference.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure
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