IMPROVED EVOLUTIONARY SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE CLASSIFIER FOR CORONARY ARTERY HEART DISEASE PREDICTION AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS

Soft computing paves way many applications including medical informatics. Decision support system has gained a major attention that will aid medical practitioners to diagnose diseases. Diabetes mellitus is hereditary disease that might result in major heart disease. This research work aims to propose a soft computing mechanism named Improved Evolutionary Support Vector Machine classifier for CAHD risk prediction among diabetes patients. The attribute selection mechanism is attempted to build with the classifier in order to reduce the misclassification error rate of the conventional support vector machine classifier. Radial basis kernel function is employed in IESVM. IESVM classifier is evaluated through the performance metrics namely sensitivity, specificity, prediction accuracy and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) and also compared with existing work and our earlier proposed works

Dental Fluorosis: its prevalence and sternness in Dindigul district

Background: Dental Fluorosis is still a depreciated condition which lacks felicitous awareness among people. Fluorosis is an endemic problem affecting different parts of the country. This condition is generally perceived in places where there is excessive amount of fluoride in the drinking water. Clinical Dental fluorosis is a biomarker of exposure to fluoride. Hence, this study was conducted among 1505 school children of age 3-5 years to find the existence and severity of dental fluorosis in Dindigul district, one of the endemic areas of fluorosis. Materials & Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in 1505 children of age group 3-15 years from two schools in Dindigul. The schools were selected by random sampling. All the students were screened for presence or absence of dental fluorosis and graded based on Dean’s fluorosis index. The children were divided into 9 groups based on their residential areas. Water samples were collected from the 9 areas and fluoride levels were assessed. Results: An overall prevalence of 43.05% of dental fluorosis was observed among the study population. It was also observed that a high prevalence rate of 47.25% of fluorosis was prevalent in subjects using bore well water as drinking source. The levels of fluoride in drinking water ranged from 2.2ppm – 2.9 ppm.  In our study Dental fluorosis was found to have a positive correlation with age, source of drinking water used and level of fluoride in drinking water. There is a gradual increase in severity of dental fluorosis with increase in levels of fluoride present in drinking water. Conclusion: We conducted this study to assess if, children living in endemic areas of fluorosis consuming water containing more than 1.5ppm of fluoride are at increased risk of developing dental fluorosis and the same has been reflected in our results. Skeletal and dental fluorosis should be managed by providing surface water from nearby dams if any. Rain water harvesting can be done and provided as source of drinking water. Water sources which are good as per WHO guidelines should be used for drinking and cooking purposes

IMPROVED EVOLUTIONARY SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE CLASSIFIER FOR CORONARY ARTERY HEART DISEASE PREDICTION AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS

Soft computing paves way many applications including medical informatics. Decision support system has gained a major attention that will aid medical practitioners to diagnose diseases. Diabetes mellitus is hereditary disease that might result in major heart disease. This research work aims to propose a soft computing mechanism named Improved Evolutionary Support Vector Machine classifier for CAHD risk prediction among diabetes patients. The attribute selection mechanism is attempted to build with the classifier in order to reduce the misclassification error rate of the conventional support vector machine classifier. Radial basis kernel function is employed in IESVM. IESVM classifier is evaluated through the performance metrics namely sensitivity, specificity, prediction accuracy and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) and also compared with existing work and our earlier proposed works

Darier disease with oral and esophageal involvement: A case report

A 58-year-old man presented with itchy papular eruptions all over the body since 15 years. Intraoral examination revealed raised papular lesions on the labial mucosa, hard palate, and tongue. The histopathology of the oral and skin lesions was confirmative of Darier disease (DD). This patient also showed esophageal involvement, which was confirmed histopathologically. Such a presentation of DD, with oral and esophageal involvement, is rare

Role of Mast Cells in Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Lichenoid Reactions

Introduction. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic T cell mediated disease of oral mucosa, skin, and its appendages with a prevalence of 0.5 to 2.6% worldwide. Oral lichenoid reactions (OLR) are a group of lesions with diverse aetiologies but have clinical and histological features similar to OLP, thereby posing a great challenge in differentiating both lesions. Mast cells are multifunctional immune cells that play a major role in the pathogenesis of lichen planus by release of certain chemical mediators. Increased mast cell densities with significant percentage of degranulation have been observed as a consistent finding in pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. Aim. The current study was aimed at quantifying the mast cells in histopathological sections of OLP and OLR thereby aiding a means of distinguishing these lesions. Materials and Methods. The study group involved 21 cases of oral lichen planus, 21 cases of oral lichenoid reactions, and 10 control specimens of normal buccal mucosa. All the cases were stained with Toluidine Blue and routine haematoxylin and eosin and the mast cells were quantified. Statistical Analysis Used. The results were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and an intergroup analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney U test. Conclusion. The number of mast cells showed an increased value in oral lichen planus when compared to oral lichenoid reaction and thus an estimation of mast cells count could aid in distinguishing OLP from OLR histopathologically

Dental fluorosis: A histological study using Light and Confocal microscopy

Aims: To observe and characterize the histological features of fluorosed teeth under light and confocal microscope (CFM). Materials and Methods: A total of 25 fluorosed teeth and 5 normal teeth were collected from dentists across Dindigul, a known endemic area of fluorosis in South India. Ground sections of respective teeth were observed under light microscope and the sections were subsequently stained with acridine orange and studied under CFM. Results: Histological changes were observed in the ground sections of fluorosed teeth as compared with the normal teeth. Depending on the degree of fluorosis, the affected teeth showed various features of hypomineralization in enamel and dentin. Conclusions: Fluoride interacts with both mineral phases and organic macromolecules by strong ionic and hydrogen bonds resulting in incomplete crystal growth at prism peripheries. This presents as hypomineralization of enamel and dentin

Excision of Mucocele Using Diode Laser in Lower Lip

Mucoceles are nonneoplastic cystic lesions of major and minor salivary glands which result from the accumulation of mucus. These lesions are most commonly seen in children. Though usually these lesions can be treated by local surgical excision, in our case, to avoid intraoperative surgical complications like bleeding and edema and to enable better healing, excision was done using a diode laser in the wavelength of 940 nm