Modeling CO2 electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cell

A modified Butler-Volmer equation for the reduction of CO2 by considering multi-step single-electron transfer reactions is presented. Exchange current density formulations free from arbitrary order dependency on the partial pressures of reactants and products are proposed for Ni and Pt surfaces. Button cell simulations are performed for Ni-YSZ/YSZ/LSM, Pt-YSZ/YSZ/Pt, and Pt/YSZ/Pt systems using two different electrochemical models, and simulation results are compared against experimental observations. The first electrochemical model considers charge transfer reactions occurring at the interface between the electrode and dense electrolyte, and the second model considers the charge transfer reactions occurring throughout the thickness of the cermet electrode. Single-channel simulations are further performed to asses the O2 production capacity of CO2 electrolysis syste

Eco-pharmacology: awareness and practice of drug disposal among medical students

Background: Drugs are procured by the consumers from different sources. But most of the time it is in excess of the requirement, or not consumed completely. These unused drugs are disposed in a wrong manner which can lead to harmful effects on the environment. This study was to check the knowledge and practice by medical students.Methods: It was cross sectional observational study involving different batches of medical students by giving a semi-structured questionnaire.Results: A total of 165 participants (72 males, 93 females) from different batches of MBBS, predominantly 1st and 2nd year. Majority of them are aware of the term eco-pharmacology 70 (91%) and environmental effects 86 (06%). The most common mode of procurement is with prescription and possesses more than 50% of the expired drugs. Throwing back into the dustbin was the mode of disposal.Conclusions: There is poor knowledge of drug disposal behaviour. Sufficient training should be given to the medical students to protect the ecosystem

Attitudes and barriers of medical students towards conducting research in a medical college

Background: It is well known that evidence-based medicine is the rule for clinical practice. This can be enhanced by conducting good research. Medical students being the future doctors should contribute significantly. But the research among the medical students is very poor with respect to presentations and publications. In view of this data the study was done to know their perception, attitude and barriers for conducting research.Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study involving three different batches of medical students by giving a semi-structured questionnaire.Results: The response among the participants to involve in research was only 30%. Among them the overall attitude and barrier score were 3.69±0.29 and 3.63±0.42 respectively with statistical significance shown between genders and not between batches. The biggest barrier was lack of previous research experience (91.67%). The most common motivational factor was self-interest (90.7%).Conclusions: If given sufficient training and facilities provided, we should be able to get more research among the medical students

A MODIFIED C-DUMP CONVERTER FOR PMSM MACHINE USED IN A FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

This paper presents a modified C-dump converter for permanent magnetic synchronous (PMSM) machine used in the flywheel energy storage system. The converter can realize the energy bidirectional flowing and has the capability to recover the energy extracted from the turnoff phase of the PMSM machine. The principle of operation, modeling, and control strategy of the system has been investigated in the paper. Simulation and experimental results of the proposed system are also presented and discussed

Essential drug list for cardiovascular diseases in a tertiary health care centre

Background: Essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority health care needs of a population. The latest version of NLEM is the 23rd list, published in September 2022, and contains 384 essential drugs, of which 29 are cardiovascular drugs. The drugs in the list may be huge or small according to the local needs. The objectives of our study are to prepare the essential drug list for cardiovascular disease in a tertiary care hospital and to confirm the essential drug list provided and its availability in the pharmacy. Methods: We interviewed around 28 consultants from various departments who prescribe these cardiac drugs. The names, doses and dosage forms were noted. The list was verified with the NLEM 2022 and counterchecked in the hospital pharmacy. Results: Most consultants adhered to NLEM, but an additional 42 drugs were prescribed, amounting to 71 drugs. There are four drugs Warfarin, Rivaroxaban, Furosemide and Torsemide which may be considered for the hospital pharmacy list. Conclusions: Too many drugs other than those present in the NLEM list are prescribed, which can be reduced by adequately training the consultants to adhere to the prescribed list.

A NOVEL MATLAB/SIMELECTRONICS MODEL OF PV ARRAY WITH MPPT CONTROLLER

A photovoltaic array (PVA) simulation model to be used in Matlab-Simelectronic GUI environment will be developed and analyzed in this paper. In Simelectronic environment the simulink signal is converted to physical signal and again physical signal is converted to simulink signal. The model is developed using basic circuit equations of the photovoltaic (PV) solar cells including the effects of solar irradiation and temperature changes. The new model developed will be tested using a directly coupled dc load. A new implemented Photovoltaic Array Simulation model is to be developed by using Matlab/ Simelectronic Simulation Software. Test and validation studies with proper load matching circuits are simulated and results are presented here

Chronopharmacology: an insight into its knowledge among medical students

Background: Chronopharmacology is the science which deals with the optimization of drug dose that promotes efficacy and minimizes the adverse effects by taking the medications in relation to the biological rhythm. Circadian rhythms can be manipulated to treat certain disorders through chronotherapy. The aim of the study was to explore this knowledge of chronopharmacology and to give an insight about it among medical students.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted across students of different medical colleges in India by giving semi structured questionnaire.Results: A total of 208 participants (74 males, 134 females) from different batches of MBBS were participated. Majority of them are aware about the term chronopharmacology but their lack of apprehension on chronotherapy   was evident throughout the study.Conclusions: There is an inadequate knowledge on chronopharmacology among medical students. Introducing this as a part of undergraduate curriculum can bring out a significant change in the practice of modern medicine.