Computer-Aided Tools in Negotiation: Negotiable Issues, Counterfactual Thinking, and Satisfaction

Negotiations research has identified both economic and social-psychological outcomes are important for negotiations. Despite the economic advantages of having multiple issues to negotiate, inconsistencies exist between objective economic outcomes and negotiator satisfaction. Although having more negotiable issues yields better objective payoffs, it can result in more thoughts about different possible outcomes. Such counterfactual thoughts about different outcomes can reduce overall satisfaction due to increased cognitive complexity and thoughts about different outcomes. In this study, we explore how information technology can influence negotiator satisfaction and better manage counterfactual thoughts and post-negotiation satisfaction. Results support the prediction that having a computer aid to better manage cognitively complex issues, even a relatively simple one, reduces participants’ counterfactual thoughts about better possible outcomes. As a result, the use of some type of technology—even a simple technology such as a spreadsheet—may improve overall negotiator satisfaction, while maintaining desirable economic outcomes

Evidence-Based Practice Perspective Of The Effects On Intuition On Clinical Practice As Perceived By The Nurse Practitioner

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of physician acceptance of the performance of medical and interpretive procedures by nurse practitioners and to determine which specific procedures physicians find acceptable or unacceptable

Colonial Development: The Importance of the Backcountry Frontier in the Protection and Preservation of Lowcountry Power in Colonial South Carolina, 1730-1769

In general discussions and teachings about the American Colonies before the Revolution, South Carolina is often oversimplified. Students are presented with a picture portraying the beginnings of American slavery, with large, cash crop plantations being worked by enslaved Africans while the white owners of the enslaved reap the benefits and enjoy a life of relative ease and luxury in their plantation houses and in the city of Charleston. Even when this picture includes extreme measures the planter elite took to enjoy this lifestyle in the form of slave laws and punishments, the more indirect methods of suppression are often left out. Often excluded from the picture is the role the white settlers of the frontier had in the maintenance of this system. The inclusion of the Backcountry in this picture allows all to see just how extensive the efforts to maintain the wealth and power of the planter elite

Herbicide retention as affected by sugarcane mulch residue

Best management practices are used by agricultural producers to control or reduce the transport and generation of contaminants to the water resources of the state, ultimately increasing the quality of surface and ground waters. One such practice is residue management used during sugarcane production. The impact of sugarcane residue may have on the retention and release of two herbicides namely; atrazine and metribuzin was the focus of this study is studied. Adsorption-desorption and transport behavior of herbicides are important processes that influence the amount of herbicide retained by the soil or crop residue and that which is susceptible to runoff or movement within the soil profile. Kinetic batch experiments were used to study the adsorption-desorption behavior of atrazine and metribuzin in sugarcane mulch residue and two surface soils. Atrazine retention was consistently stronger than metribuzin for both sugarcane residue and surface soils. To describe the retention of atrazine and metribuzin by the residue as it ages and across growing seasons, only one value (Kd) was needed for each herbicide, and this value is an order of magnitude greater then those determined for surface soils. Miscible displacement experiments under steady flow conditions were also carried out to examine the mobility of the metribuzin within soils. In addition field studies quantified the decay of sugarcane residue in the field following combine harvest. Amounts of residue cover varied with the growing season and variety. Half-lives of 126 to 171 days were determined for sugarcane residue as it remains in the field. With residue age mass decreases leaving greater percentages of more recalcitrant residue such as lignin. Fiber analysis identified these changes, there were no obvious relationships between herbicide retention distribution coefficients and percentage of lignin on a mass basis

The Need for Autonomy

Autonomy researchers over the last three decades have largely focused on the hierarchical, content-neutral theories proposed by Harry Frankfurt and, to a lesser degree, Gerald Dworkin. Both of these theories claim that one must have higher-order endorsement of her lower-order desires to be autonomous with respect to the lower-order desires. However, neither of these theories makes the claim that one must be autonomous with respect to the higher-order endorsing desire. This leads to a dilemma known as the ab initio problem. Specifically, the problem is that it is not clear how one can become autonomous with respect to one desire by appealing to a desire to which one does not bear an autonomous relation. In this essay, I attempt to argue that the ab initio problem can be solved by modifying the currently content-neutral theories to be instead substantive. In other words, I claim that a hierarchical account of autonomy must appeal to a theoretically-specified (substantive) mental state. I believe that the solution to the ab initio problem is to appeal to a need for self-worth as the appropriate mental state. The need for self-worth can be used to explain haw any individual identifies with her desires because an individual cannot rationally pursue a goal that she believes will damage her overall worth. Therefore, the need for self-worth explains how a person comes to be autonomous with respect to her desires