Structure of Space-time Correlations of Bursting Phenomenon in an Open-channel Flow

The present study is to investigate the structure of space-time correlations of bursting motions, such as ejections and sweeps in an open-channel flow, by a new conditional sampling method in which simultaneous measurements of the instantaneous Reynolds stress have been performed by two dual-hot-film probes. One probe was fixed near the edge of buffer layer and used as a detecting probe of the bursting motions, while the other probe was moved in both the streamwise and flow-depth-wise directions. The main conclusions obtained from the above are as follows : (1) The spatial and time scales of the streamwise turbulent velocity component are larger than those of the vertical velocity component. (2) The spatial and time scales of the sweep motion are also larger than those of the ejection motion. (3) The spatial scale of the ejection motion extends more widely downstream than upstream, and vice versa for the sweep motion. (4) The bursting motion is a kind of a large-scale eddy structure, and its coherent structure is fairly inclined downstream toward the wall. It is convected downstream with a longer life-time than the bursting passing-period, namely in the frozen-turbulence-like manner. Next, a qualitative model is proposed which attempts to explain the space-time structures of the bursting phenomenon, on the basis of the above anemometry information and other visual information

Emergence of AdS geometry in the simulated tempering algorithm

In our previous work [1], we introduced to an arbitrary Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm a distance between configurations. This measures the difficulty of transition from one configuration to the other, and enables us to investigate the relaxation of probability distribution from a geometrical point of view. In this paper, we investigate the geometry of stochastic systems whose equilibrium distributions are highly multimodal with a large number of degenerate vacua. Implementing the simulated tempering algorithm to such a system, we show that an asymptotically Euclidean anti-de Sitter geometry emerges with a horizon in the extended configuration space when the tempering parameter is optimized such that distances get minimized.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures. v2: typos corrected, some discussions improve

Mapping Science Based on Research Content Similarity

Maps of science representing the structure of science help us understand science and technology development. Thus, research in scientometrics has developed techniques for analyzing research activities and for measuring their relationships; however, navigating the recent scientific landscape is still challenging, since conventional inter-citation and co-citation analysis has difficulty in applying to recently published articles and ongoing projects. Therefore, to characterize what is being attempted in the current scientific landscape, this article proposes a content-based method of locating research articles/projects in a multi-dimensional space using word/paragraph embedding. Specifically, for addressing an unclustered problem, we introduced cluster vectors based on the information entropies of technical concepts. The experimental results showed that our method formed a clustered map from approx. 300 k IEEE articles and NSF projects from 2012 to 2016. Finally, we confirmed that formation of specific research areas can be captured as changes in the network structure

Benign infantile convulsion as a diagnostic clue of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia: a case series

INTRODUCTION: Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia is characterized by sudden attacks of involuntary movements. It is often misdiagnosed clinically as psychogenic illness, which distresses the patients to a great extent. A correct diagnosis will improve the quality of life in patients with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia because treatment with low doses of anticonvulsants is effective for eliminating the clinical manifestations. Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia can occur independently of or concurrently with benign infantile convulsion. Identification of PRRT2 as the causative gene of benign infantile convulsion and paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia allows genetic confirmation of the clinical diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the clinical features of a Japanese family with either paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia or benign infantile convulsion. A PRRT2 missense mutation (c.981C > G, p.Ile327Met) was identified in two patients with benign infantile convulsion and three patients with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia as well as in two unaffected individuals. Allowing incomplete penetrance in the mutation carriers, this mutation co-segregated completely with the phenotype. The patients with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia had been misdiagnosed with psychogenic illness for many years. They were correctly diagnosed with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia when their children visited a pediatrician for benign infantile convulsion. Treatment with carbamazepine controlled their involuntary movements completely. CONCLUSIONS: Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia is a treatable movement disorder that is often misdiagnosed clinically as psychogenic illness. It is important to note that two clinically distinct disorders, benign infantile convulsion and paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, are allelic conditions caused by PRRT2 mutations. Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia should be suspected in families with a child with benign infantile convulsion