ラット人工肛門モデルにおける、人工肛門への便注入療法の有用性の検討

藤田医科大

Intralobar pulmonary sequestration complicated by gastric duplication

We experienced the case of an eight-month-old male with intralobar pulmonary sequestration complicated by gastric duplication. The chief complaint was an abnormal shadow on the chest radiograph; the patient was diagnosed with pulmonary sequestration via chest computed tomography (CT). Intraoperative findings and postoperative histopathological examination revealed intralobar pulmonary sequestration with associated gastric duplication. Pulmonary sequestration is relatively rare; although there are reports of extralobar pulmonary sequestration with gastric duplication, the present case of intralobar pulmonary sequestration with gastric duplication is extremely rare. This case is considered to be an embryologic bronchopulmonary foregut malformation, and is considered important in understanding the aetiology

Minimal laparotomy management of a giant ovarian cystic teratoma in adolescence

Giant ovarian cysts in adolescents are very rare. Those treatment by laparotomy or laparoscopic surgery is discussed with gynecologists and pediatric surgeons because its limited working space and risk of rupture and malignancy. We present a case of minimal laparotomy management of a giant ovarian cystic teratoma in adolescent. A 13-year-old girl presented with abdominal pain and constipation. A CT scan showed a giant simple ovarian cystic tumor in her abdomen measuring 29 × 13 × 24 cm. We made a 3-cm Pfannenstiel incision and inserted an Alexis wound retractor XS. The cyst was completely aspirated without spillage in the intraperitoneal space. In total, 6L of murky brown fluid was aspirated from the cyst. There was no ovarian tissue visible on the cyst wall. The left tube and right ovary and tube were intact. The cyst wall and left ovary tube were dissected free by using a LigaSure. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Pathological assessment revealed a mature cystic teratoma. The ovarian tissue was included in the part of the cyst wall. We were able to safely perform with minimal laparotomy. Therefore, we consider the for cases of giant ovarian tumors, minimal laparotomy surgery is useful from the safety and cosmetic perspective

The Role of Intestinal Cytochrome P450s in Vitamin D Metabolism

Vitamin D hydroxylation in the liver/kidney results in conversion to its physiologically active form of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. 1,25(OH)2D3 controls gene expression through the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) mainly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 24A1 is a catabolic enzyme expressed in the kidneys. Interestingly, a recently identified mutation in another CYP enzyme, CYP3A4 (gain-of-function), caused type III vitamin D-dependent rickets. CYP3A are also expressed in the intestine, but their hydroxylation activities towards vitamin D substrates are unknown. We evaluated CYP3A or CYP24A1 activities on vitamin D action in cultured cells. In addition, we examined the expression level and regulation of CYP enzymes in intestines from mice. The expression of CYP3A or CYP24A1 significantly reduced 1,25(OH)2D3-VDRE activity. Moreover, in mice, Cyp24a1 mRNA was significantly induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 in the intestine, but a mature form (approximately 55 kDa protein) was also expressed in mitochondria and induced by 1,25(OH)2D3, and this mitochondrial enzyme appears to hydroxylate 25OHD3 to 24,25(OH)2D3. Thus, CYP3A or CYP24A1 could locally attenuate 25OHD3 or 1,25(OH)2D3 action, and we suggest the small intestine is both a vitamin D target tissue, as well as a newly recognized vitamin D-metabolizing tissue

Segmental dilatation of colon detected on prenatal ultrasound

Segmental dilatation of the colon is a rare condition in which there is an abrupt segment of dilated colon between regions of normal colon, without obstruction. The condition causes bilious vomiting and abdominal distention in the neonate, and causes constipation or anemia in infants and adults. We herein report a case of segmental dilatation of the descending colon detected on prenatal sonography. The patient was born at 39 weeks' gestation, weighing 3720 g. At 10 months, he developed constipation and enterocolitis. At 1 year of age, the patient underwent laparoscopic-assisted resection of dilated colon with end-to-end anastomosis. Resection of the dilated segment alone was not sufficient, according to frozen biopsy. Therefore, we resected an additional 3 cm both proximally and distally, where teniae coli were grossly evident. Histological examination of the dilated segment showed muscular layer hypertrophy with hyperplasia and widening of Auerbach's plexus. The patient's 7-month follow-up was unremarkable. With improved quality of prenatal sonography, more patients will be diagnosed with segmental dilatation of the intestine. This is the first report in the English literature of segmental dilatation of the colon detected on prenatal ultrasound. Keywords: Segmental dilatation of colon, Segmental dilatation of intestine, Prenatal ultrasoun

A new murine ileostomy model: recycling stool prevents intestinal atrophy in the distal side of ileostomy

OBJECTIVES: Proximal stoma creation in neonates results in growth failure and distal intestinal atrophy. “Recycling stool” consists of stool injection from the proximal limb to the distal limb of a stoma. Because this method may prevent distal bowel atrophy and increase body weight, we investigated the effects of recycling stool upon distal intestinal mucosa by generating an ileostomy model in rats. METHODS: An ileostomy was created 5 cm proximal to the cecum in male Wistar/ST rats. Discharged stool or saline was injected into the distal limb, twice per day for 7 days. The intestinal adaptation was assessed by measuring the villus height and counting goblet cell number. Proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed by Ki67 and TUNEL immunostaining. RESULTS: The ratios of the height of the distal villi (D) to the that of proximal villi (P) were 0.97 (median [range] of D and P length: 421 [240–729] μm and 436 [294–638] μm, P<0.05) in the stool-injected group and 0.81 in the saline-injected group (442 [315–641] μm and 548 [236–776] μm, P<0.05). Compared with the saline-injected group, the stool-injected group showed elevated numbers of goblet cells (3.6 [2.0–7.6] vs. 4.9 [2.4–7.5] cells/100-μm villus length) and Ki67-positive cells (26.8% [13.8%–35.4%] vs. 40.1% [31.2%–45.7%]), along with a reduced number of apoptotic cells (5.0 [2.0–14.0] vs. 4.0 [1.0–9.0] cells/100-μm villus length). CONCLUSIONS: Recycling stool prevented distal intestinal atrophy; this experimental design may facilitate further studies concerning alternative methods to prevent intestinal atrophy and growth failure

Can the use of intraoperative intact parathyroid hormone monitoring be abandoned in patients with hyperparathyroidism?

Background Ultrasound (US) and technetium-99m sestamibi scintigraphy (MIBI) are used to determine the localization of abnormal glands in cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Intraoperative intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) monitoring is a reliable examination used to cure PHPT. The aim was to assess the necessity of intraoperative iPTH monitoring. Methods Sixty patients were examined using preoperative MIBI and US. iPTH was measured at 3 time points: (1) at the start of surgery; (2) 10 minutes after gland resection; and (3) more than 60 minutes after surgery. We defined a decreased iPTH level as an iPTH measured 10 minutes after resection that was less than 50% of the preoperative level. Results The iPTH of 55 patients with concordant lesions decreased to within the normal range more than 60 minutes after surgery. Conclusions It is not necessary to monitor intraoperative iPTH when single concordant lesions are preoperatively identified on both MIBI and US