Control of Light Emission by a Plasmonic Crystal Cavity

Surface plasmon–polaritons (SPPs) localized inside a plasmonic crystal (PlC) cavity are probed by STEM-CL technique to characterize the influence of the surface shape parameters on the cavity modes. The results elucidate the formation mechanism of the cavity mode in terms of the symmetry and quality factor, which provide a clear design guide for the PlC cavity to control the coupling between SPPs and photons in plasmonic devices and future integrated circuits

Mean urothelial thickness of rat bladder.

Data represent the mean ± SEM (Control; n = 5, HCl; n = 6, HCl + RA; n = 7); HCl, hydrochloric acid; RA, rosmarinic acid. (DOCX)</p

Mean content of IL6 in rat bladder.

Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 7); HCl, hydrochloric acid; RA, rosmarinic acid. (DOCX)</p

Relative mRNA expression of <i>Cox2</i> and <i>Il6</i> in rat bladder.

Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 3); The amount of each mRNA was normalized to Actb mRNA levels and expressed relative to the control group. HCl, hydrochloric acid; RA, rosmarinic acid. (DOCX)</p

Representative cystometric charts of control, HCl-treated, and HCl + RA-treated rats.

Representative cystometric charts of control, HCl-treated, and HCl + RA-treated rats.</p

Waveguide Bandgap in Crystalline Bandgap Slows Down Surface Plasmon Polariton

Next generation on-chip optical devices require light manipulation in time and space, that is, control of group velocity of light in subwavelength dimensions. A waveguide in plasmonic crystal fulfills such requirements offering nanoscale light confinement in the dispersion-tunable plasmonic crystal matrix. However, there has been no direct access to the local dispersion of the waveguide mode itself, and the group velocity of light could not be evaluated. Herein, for the first time, we experimentally clarify the dispersion of the waveguide modes by use of angle-resolved cathodoluminescence scanning transmission electron microscopy. Their group velocity can be extremely slowed down by the existence of a bandgap formed in the waveguide in the energy range of the plasmonic crystal bandgap

Mean value of IL6 released into supernatant from human bladder epithelial cells.

Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 7); IL1β, interleukin 1β; RA, rosmarinic acid. (DOCX)</p

Relative mRNA expression of <i>COX2</i> and <i>IL6</i> in human bladder epithelial cells.

Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 3); The amount of each mRNA was normalized to ACTB mRNA levels and expressed relative to the control group. IL1β, interleukin 1β; RA, rosmarinic acid. (DOCX)</p

Stretch-induced prostaglandin E₂ release in control, HCl-treated, and HCl + RA-treated rats.

Stretch-induced prostaglandin E2 release in control, HCl-treated, and HCl + RA-treated rats.</p

Effect of RA on the expression of inflammatory molecules.

Relative mRNA expression levels of Cox2 (A) and Il6 (B), and protein levels of IL6 (C) in control, HCl-treated, and HCl + RA-treated bladders. Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 7). Relative mRNA expression levels of COX2 (D) and IL6 (E) in human bladder epithelial cells and amount of IL6 released into the supernatant (F) after treatment. Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 3). mRNA expression was normalized to Actb or ACTB relative to the control group; **p p < 0.001 vs. the HCl or IL1β groups, Dunnett’s test. HCl, hydrochloric acid; IL1β, interleukin 1β; RA, rosmarinic acid.</p