31 research outputs found
Effects of autoclaved cells and antibacterial treatment in silkworms infected with <i>M</i>. <i>abscessus</i> subsp. <i>abscessus</i>.
(A) Silkworms were injected with either saline (50 ÎĽl), M. abscessus subsp. abscessus ATCC19977 cell suspension (1.1 x 107 cells per 50 ÎĽl), or autoclaved M. abscessus subsp. abscessus ATCC19977 cell suspension and incubated at 37ËšC. Ten silkworms were used per group. (B) Silkworms were injected with either saline (50 ÎĽl) or M. abscessus subsp. abscessus ATCC19977 cell suspension (6.3 x 107 cells per 50 ÎĽl) followed by clarithromycin (25 ÎĽg g-1 larva). The number of surviving silkworms following incubation at 37ËšC was measured for 66 h. Statistically significant differences between groups were evaluated using a log-rank test based on the curves by the Kaplan-Meier method. Ten silkworms were used per group.</p
Effects of temperature on the virulence of <i>M</i>. <i>abscessus</i> subsp. <i>abscessus</i> ATCC19977 in silkworms.
Silkworms were injected with saline (50 ÎĽl) or M. abscessus subsp. abscessus ATCC19977 cell suspension (1.4 x 107 cells per 50 ÎĽl) and incubated at (A) 27ËšC and (B) 37ËšC. The curves were drawn by the Kaplan-Meier method. Seven silkworms were used per group. (C) Silkworms were injected with M. abscessus subsp. abscessus ATCC19977 cell suspension (2.9 x 108 cells per 50 ÎĽl) and incubated at 27ËšC and 37ËšC. Silkworm hemolymph was harvested at 18 h post-infection. Statistically significant differences between groups were evaluated using the Student t-test. Three silkworms were used per group.</p
Attached-cell counts of human THP-1 macrophages after infection with <i>M</i>. <i>abscessus subsp</i>. <i>abscessus</i> Mb-10 and Mb-17 isolates.
Attached-cell counts of human THP-1 macrophages at 48 h after infection with M. abscessus subsp. abscessus Mb-10 or Mb-17 cells at a multiplicity of infection of 50. The number of nuclei of macrophages attached to the well was calculated using High-Content Imaging System Operetta CLS with Harmony software. Three independent samples were used per group. Statistically significant differences between groups were evaluated using the Turkey test with one-way ANOVA.</p
Viable cell counts of <i>M</i>. <i>abscessus</i> subsp. <i>abscessus</i> Mb-10 and Mb-17 isolates in silkworms.
Silkworms were injected with saline (50 ÎĽl) or M. abscessus subsp. abscessus Mb-10 cell suspension (3.6 x 108 cells per 50 ÎĽl) or Mb-17 cell suspension (3.8 x 108 cells per 50 ÎĽl) and incubated at 37ËšC. Silkworm hemolymph was harvested at 18 h post-infection. Five silkworms were used per group. Statistically significant differences between groups were evaluated using the Student t-test.</p
Polymerization of Hydroxy-Containing Diazoacetates: Synthesis of Hydroxy-Containing “Poly(substituted methylene)s” by Palladium-Mediated Polymerization and Poly(ester–ether)s by Polycondensation through O–H Insertion Reaction
Two types of polymerization of hydroxy-containing
diazoacetates
are described. The polymerization of hydroxy-containing diazoacetates
using palladium complexes proceeded successfully under chain-growth
mechanism even without a protecting group to give C–C main
chain polymers bearing a hydroxy-containing ester substituent on each
carbon of the backbone. The resulting polymers had a slightly branched
structure due to chain transfer reaction with the hydroxy groups,
while the polymers obtained by polymerization of silyl-protected diazoacetates
and subsequent deprotection had a completely linear structure. The
hydroxy-containing polymers with an appropriate hydrophilic/hydrophobic
balance showed a lower critical solution temperature-type phase separation
in an aqueous medium. On the other hand, the polymerization of hydroxy-containing
diazoacetates using InCl<sub>3</sub> as a catalyst proceeded under
step-growth mechanism to give oligomers having a distinct repeating
unit (ester–ether), where a new ether bond was generated through
O–H insertion reaction of diazocarbonyl groups into hydroxy
groups
Proton Conductivity under Dry Conditions for Mesoporous Silica with Highly Dense Sulfonic Acid Groups
Highly
dense sulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous electrolytes
with high proton conductivity under dry conditions were prepared using
tetramethoxysilane and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane in the presence
of surfactants. Impedance spectroscopy and quasielastic neutron scattering
measurements showed that the proton conductive properties of the mesoporous
electrolytes depended significantly on the sulfonic acid densities
on the surface of the mesoporous walls. This finding was also supported
by molecular dynamics simulations. The proton conductivity of the
mesoporous electrolyte with the highest acid density of 3.1 SO<sub>3</sub>H molecules/nm<sup>2</sup> showed a value of 0.3 mS/cm at
433 K even under dry conditions. This value was higher than that for
Nafion by about 2 orders of magnitude. Such high proton conductivity
is thought to be induced by proton hopping in the hydrogen-bonded
networks that were predominantly formed by neighboring sulfonic acid
groups
Dispersion of Rod-like Particles of Nafion in Salt-Free Water/1-Propanol and Water/Ethanol Solutions
The
dispersion of perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomers in catalyst
inks is an important factor controlling the performance of catalyst
layers in membrane electrode assemblies of proton exchange membrane
fuel cells (PEMFCs). The effect of water/alcohol composition on the
dispersion of H-Nafion in water/1-propanol and water/ethanol solutions
was studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering
(SAXS), and <sup>19</sup>F nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>19</sup>F NMR) spectroscopy. Hydrodynamic radii calculated from DLS decay
profiles and the radii and interparticle distance of rod-like particles
derived from SAXS profiles showed almost the same dependence on alcohol
concentration. 1-Propanol was more effective than ethanol to induce
changes in the characteristic lengths of the rod-like particles. The
motional narrowing in the <sup>19</sup>F NMR spectra by addition of
1-propanol indicates selective solvation of the rod-like particles.
We suppose this might have decreased their radii and induced their
elongation, which eventually led to extension of the ordered regions
as observed in the hydrodynamic radii. Our study helps to clarify
the dispersion of Nafion in aqueous alcohol solutions, which has implications
for the performance of PEMFCs
Effect of the Side-Chain Structure of Perfluoro-Sulfonic Acid Ionomers on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on the Surface of Pt
The
effect of side-chain structures in perfluoro-sulfonic acid
ionomers on the adsorption of the terminal sulfonate moiety on the
surface of Pt is investigated with voltammetry and surface-enhanced
infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS). Analyses with low-molecular-weight
model anions with and without an ether group in the perfluoro-alkyl
chain indicate that the anions are adsorbed on Pt through one or two
oxygen atom(s) of the terminal sulfonate group and that the oxygen
atom of the ether group also interacts with the Pt surface, leading
to stronger adsorption of the anions with an ether group. On the basis
of the results obtained with the model anions, the adsorption of the
terminal sulfonate moieties in perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomers
and its effect on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is discussed. It
is shown that the ionomers having longer side chains more strongly
block ORR due to the flexibility of the side chains
Additional file 1: of Association between six-minute walk test parameters and the health-related quality of life in patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease
Supplemental analyses. Table S1. Clinical characteristics of patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease in the never smoker group (n = 92). Table S2. Results of the six-minute walk test for patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease in the never smoker group (n = 92). Table S3. Spearman’s correlations among six-minute walk test parameters and clinical parameters for patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease in the never smoker group (n = 92). Table S4. Spearman’s correlations among six-minute walk test parameters and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire scores for patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease in the never smoker group (n = 92). Table S5. Multivariate analysis for predictors of 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire scores for patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease in the never smoker group (n = 92). Table S6. Comparisons of six-minute walk test parameters and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire scores with or without cavitary lesions (n = 103). Table S7. Comparisons of clinical characteristics in pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease patients between male and female (n = 103). Table S8. Multivariate analysis for predictors of 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire scores for patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease in female alone (n = 80). Table S9. Comparisons of 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire scores with or without several clinical parameters (n = 103). (DOCX 55 kb