SANÇÕES ADMINISTRATIVAS APLICADAS NA AVIAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE DOS PRINCÍPIOS APLICÁVEIS AOS PROCESSOS ADMINISTRATIVOS NA AVIAÇÃO

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Direito.O presente trabalho busca averiguar se o processo administrativo sancionatório na aviação cumpre os princípios da lei dos processos administrativos (lei 9.784/99). O estudo se faz relevante pois é um campo ainda pouco estudado e precisa ser tratado com seriedade já que é uma das formas de demonstração do ius puniendi estatal. O objetivo do trabalho é verificar se os processos administrativos que resultam em multas para os operadores de aeronaves cumprem os princípios constitucionais e legais. Sendo assim, será desenvolvido um estudo sobre os aspectos que envolvem as sanções administrativas. Além disso, será trabalhado sobre os limites da presunção de veracidade da Administração Pública, bem como será investigada a relação entre os princípios da lei dos processos administrativos (lei 9.784/99) com os processos administrativos em estudo. Ao final, será apresentada uma análise de dois processos administrativos relacionados ao tema em discussão. Nessa análise é possível identificar algumas falhas da Administração Pública, tanto na concepção do processo administrativo em questão (normas aplicadas através de Portarias) quanto no desenvolvimento com relação aos princípios que deveriam ser observados. Percebe-se, por fim, a necessidade de aperfeiçoar o processo administrativo no seio da Junta de Julgamento de Aeronáutica, órgão responsável por todo o desenvolvimento desse processo. Essa pesquisa serve para apontar apenas alguns dos aspectos mais relevantes que necessitam uma posterior atenção e um número maior de estudos na área para que haja uma evolução nesse ramo do Direito

Tetradihydrobenzoquinonate and Tetrachloranilate Zr(IV) Complexes: Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Phase Transition and Open-Framework Behavior for K₄Zr(DBQ)₄

The molecular complexes K₄[Zr­(DBQ)₄] and K₄[Zr­(CA)₄], where DBQ^2– and CA^2– stand respectively for deprotonated dihydroxybenzoquinone and chloranilic acid, are reported. The anionic metal complexes consist of Zr­(IV) surrounded by four O,O-chelating ligands. Besides the preparation and crystal structures for the two complexes, we show that in the solid state the DBQ complex forms a 3-D open framework (with 22% accessible volume) that undergoes a crystal-to-crystal phase transition to a compact structure upon guest molecule release. This process is reversible. In the presence of H₂O, CO₂, and other small molecules, the framework opens and accommodates guest molecules. CO₂ adsorption isotherms show that the framework breathing occurs only when a slight gas pressure is applied. Crystal structures for both the hydrated and guest free phases of K₄[Zr­(DBQ)₄] have been investigated

Tetradihydrobenzoquinonate and Tetrachloranilate Zr(IV) Complexes: Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Phase Transition and Open-Framework Behavior for K₄Zr(DBQ)₄

The molecular complexes K₄[Zr­(DBQ)₄] and K₄[Zr­(CA)₄], where DBQ^2– and CA^2– stand respectively for deprotonated dihydroxybenzoquinone and chloranilic acid, are reported. The anionic metal complexes consist of Zr­(IV) surrounded by four O,O-chelating ligands. Besides the preparation and crystal structures for the two complexes, we show that in the solid state the DBQ complex forms a 3-D open framework (with 22% accessible volume) that undergoes a crystal-to-crystal phase transition to a compact structure upon guest molecule release. This process is reversible. In the presence of H₂O, CO₂, and other small molecules, the framework opens and accommodates guest molecules. CO₂ adsorption isotherms show that the framework breathing occurs only when a slight gas pressure is applied. Crystal structures for both the hydrated and guest free phases of K₄[Zr­(DBQ)₄] have been investigated

Tetradihydrobenzoquinonate and Tetrachloranilate Zr(IV) Complexes: Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Phase Transition and Open-Framework Behavior for K₄Zr(DBQ)₄

The molecular complexes K₄[Zr­(DBQ)₄] and K₄[Zr­(CA)₄], where DBQ^2– and CA^2– stand respectively for deprotonated dihydroxybenzoquinone and chloranilic acid, are reported. The anionic metal complexes consist of Zr­(IV) surrounded by four O,O-chelating ligands. Besides the preparation and crystal structures for the two complexes, we show that in the solid state the DBQ complex forms a 3-D open framework (with 22% accessible volume) that undergoes a crystal-to-crystal phase transition to a compact structure upon guest molecule release. This process is reversible. In the presence of H₂O, CO₂, and other small molecules, the framework opens and accommodates guest molecules. CO₂ adsorption isotherms show that the framework breathing occurs only when a slight gas pressure is applied. Crystal structures for both the hydrated and guest free phases of K₄[Zr­(DBQ)₄] have been investigated

From ZIF-8@Al₂O₃ Composites to Self-Supported ZIF‑8 One-Dimensional Superstructures

Efficient preparation of composite materials consisting of ZIF-8 nanocrystals embedded inside the channels of macroporous anodic aluminum oxide membranes is reported. 1-D self-supported ZIF-8 superstructures are recovered through matrix dissolution

Self-Assembly of Zr(C₂O₄)₄^4– Metallotectons and Bisimidazolium Cations: Influence of the Dication on H-Bonded Framework Dimensionality and Material Potential Porosity

Assemblies involving [Zr(C₂O₄)₄]^4– metallotectons (C₂O₄^2– = oxalate) and linear, flexible, or V-shaped organic cations (H₂-Lx)²⁺ derived from the 1,4-bisimidazol-1-ylbenzene molecule have been envisioned to elaborate porous frameworks based on ionic H-bonds. Five architectures of formula [{(H₂-L1)₂Zr(C₂O₄)₄}·2H₂O] (<b>1</b>), [{(H₂-L2)₂Zr(C₂O₄)₄}·6H₂O] (<b>2</b>), [{(H₂-L3)₂Zr(C₂O₄)₄}·6H₂O] (<b>3</b>), [{(H₂-L4)₂Zr(C₂O₄)₄}·H₂O] (<b>4</b>), and [{(H₂-L5)₂Zr(C₂O₄)₄}·6H₂O] (<b>5</b>) (with L1 = <i>p</i>-bis(imidazol-1-yl)benzene, L2 = <i>p</i>-bis(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)benzene, L3 = <i>p</i>-bis(imidazol-1-yl)-2,5-dimethylbenzene, L4 = <i>p</i>-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, L5 = <i>m</i>-bis(imidazol-1-yl)benzene) have been obtained; <b>1</b>–<b>3</b>, and <b>5</b> show an open-framework. For all, the bisimidazolium cations (H₂-Lx)²⁺ act as bridges between anionic complexes. Depending on the chemical features of the cation, various assembling patterns have been observed, yielding one-dimensional (1D) (<b>2</b>, <b>5</b>) two-dimensional (2D) (<b>1</b>), or three-dimensional (3D) (<b>3</b>, <b>4</b>) H-bonded networks. While interconnection of anionic metallotectons and organic cations generally affords grids with large apertures, 2D and 3D H-bonded frameworks show the lowest potential porosities (and even compact architectures) because of interpenetration. Highest potential solvent accessible voids (up to 20%) are found for the 1D H-bonded assemblages because interpenetration does not occur for these materials. Crystal structures for all five architectures as well as their thermal stabilities are reported. Actual porosity has been evidenced for one of them by solving the structure of the guest free architecture

Tetradihydrobenzoquinonate and Tetrachloranilate Zr(IV) Complexes: Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Phase Transition and Open-Framework Behavior for K₄Zr(DBQ)₄

The molecular complexes K₄[Zr­(DBQ)₄] and K₄[Zr­(CA)₄], where DBQ^2– and CA^2– stand respectively for deprotonated dihydroxybenzoquinone and chloranilic acid, are reported. The anionic metal complexes consist of Zr­(IV) surrounded by four O,O-chelating ligands. Besides the preparation and crystal structures for the two complexes, we show that in the solid state the DBQ complex forms a 3-D open framework (with 22% accessible volume) that undergoes a crystal-to-crystal phase transition to a compact structure upon guest molecule release. This process is reversible. In the presence of H₂O, CO₂, and other small molecules, the framework opens and accommodates guest molecules. CO₂ adsorption isotherms show that the framework breathing occurs only when a slight gas pressure is applied. Crystal structures for both the hydrated and guest free phases of K₄[Zr­(DBQ)₄] have been investigated