Effect of coloured shade nets on yield and quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum) cv. Mridula in semi-arid region of Punjab

The productivity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Mridula was examined under shade nets of different colours (Red, Black and Green) with shade intensities (Red 50% PAR, Black 50% PAR, Green 35% PAR and 50% PAR) in Abohar, Punjab over two growing seasons. To overcome the evaporation losses, use of fogger and microsprinkler was done along with Kaolin 4% and Borax 0.4% to prevent sunburn and cracking problem. An insect net (50 mesh) was also used to prevent the damage from insects especially pomegranate fruit fly. The experimental results clearly showed that photoselective nets influenced photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmitted through the canopy which caused variation in average monthly temperature and humidity. The quality of the fruits was affected under the open field conditions as compared to other treatments. Maximum acidity (0.412%), Vitamin C (13.52 mg/ 100 g), total sugars (13%) and highest antioxidant activity (40.1%) were recorded under open field conditions. Whereas minimum acidity (0.206%), minimum vitamin C (5.80mg/100g), total sugars (6.8%), and total phenols (7.5%) were recorded in the fruits grown under black shade net (50%). On the other hand, the application of shade net had significant impact on the quantitative characteristics. Shading with the net (Red 50%) resulted in the significant increase in the length of the fruits (83.39 mm) along with higher fruit weight (310 g) and highest yield of 6.70 kg/plant as compared to the open field condition (3.14 kg/plant). The results, therefore, demonstrate the potency of photoselective netting (Red colour) for improving the agro-economic performance of horticultural crops especially in harsh climates and arid zones. Placing the red nets over mature plants at intermediate shade levels (35% PAR and 50% PAR) provides higher yield without any detrimental effects on fruit quality

Development and Validation of UV-Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride and Pioglitazone in Tablet Dosage Form

Simple, sensitive, rapid and accurate UV spectroscopic methods have been developed for the estimation of metformin hydrochloride and pioglitazone in tablet dosage forms. Simultaneous estimation and dual-wavelength methods were developed and validated using solvent methanol. Both drugs show linearity at 5-40 µg/ml for both methods. The suggested techniques have been effectively implemented in pharmaceutical formulations to the evaluation of quoted drugs. Recovery research was conducted to verify the method's accuracy, precision. The techniques have been validated under ICH guidelines. Keywords: Metformin hydrochloride, Pioglitazone, Simultaneous estimation method and Dual wavelength method

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Not AvailableThe performance of the greenhouse solar heat collector was highly dependent on the solar radiation, ambient temperature and relative humidity. Increase in air temperature inside greenhouse varied from 0.7 to 19.0C, and relative humidity inside greenhouse varied from -16 to 25.7% by air exchange at a flow rate of 6.1 m3/s. The average midday thermal efficiency was around 20.82%. The cured red onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs were cleaned, outer layer was peeled and trimmed manually, and washed in water to remove dirt and infection. Edible bulb of onion was sliced into 3-mm thick slices by using manual stainless steel slicer. The onion slices were pretreated with sodium chloride, and potassium metabisulphite, for 5 min in three concentration levels (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75%) and drained onion slices were spread in thin layers in trays before keeping them in greenhouse for drying. Onion slices were dried in 19 sunshine hours. Preservatives used as pretreatment in 3-mm sliced onion were found to be significantly different (probability, P < 0.05) from each other. It was found that 0.50% potassium metabisulphite was best.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe productivity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Mridula was examined under shade nets of different colours (Red, Black and Green) with shade intensities (Red 50% PAR, Black 50% PAR, Green 35% PAR and 50% PAR) in Abohar, Punjab over two growing seasons. To overcome the evaporation losses, use of fogger and microsprinkler was done along with Kaolin 4% and Borax 0.4% to prevent sunburn and cracking problem. An insect net (50 mesh) was also used to prevent the damage from insects especially pomegranate fruit fly. The experimental results clearly showed that photoselective nets influenced photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmitted through the canopy which caused variation in average monthly temperature and humidity. The quality of the fruits was affected under the open field conditions as compared to other treatments. Maximum acidity (0.412%), Vitamin C (13.52 mg/100 g), total sugars (13%) and highest antioxidant activity (40.1%) were recorded under open field conditions.Whereas minimum acidity (0.206%), minimum vitamin C (5.80mg/100g), total sugars (6.8%), and total phenols (7.5%) were recorded in the fruits grown under black shade net (50%). On the other hand, the application of shade net had significant impact on the quantitative characteristics. Shading with the net (Red 50%) resulted in the significant increase in the length of the fruits (83.39 mm) along with higher fruit weight (310 g) and highest yield of 6.70 kg/plant as compared to the open field condition (3.14 kg/plant). The results, therefore, demonstrate the potency of photoselective netting (Red colour) for improving the agro-economic performance of horticultural crops especially in harsh climates and arid zones. Placing the red nets over mature plants at intermediate shade levels (35% PAR and 50% PAR) provides higher yield without any detrimental effects on fruit qualityNot Availabl

MULTIFUNCTIONING OF AC BY RECOVERY OF LOST HEAT

A lot of heat energy is wasted in the condenser of an air conditioner system. Basically air conditioning system works on Vapour compression. Lot of heat energy is rejected from the condenser. In this project we are going to recover heat from the condenser by means of heat exchanger. Energy consumption is one of the key issues in air conditioning system. In thisproject weare going to get hot water and cold water by consuming same amount of energy as that of the original system. This projectworks by recovering the heat lost to the atmosphere from the condenser and evaporator by means of heat exchanger.This project experimental investigation of the performance split air conditioner with and without combined coil as heat pump water heater. The coil is a heat exchanger that is placed between the compressor and the condenserby utilizing the heat rejection

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Not AvailableThe productivity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Mridula was examined under shade nets of different colours (Red, Black and Green) with shade intensities (Red 50% PAR, Black 50% PAR, Green 35% PAR and 50% PAR) in Abohar, Punjab over two growing seasons. To overcome the evaporation losses, use of fogger and microsprinkler was done along with Kaolin 4% and Borax 0.4% to prevent sunburn and cracking problem. An insect net (50 mesh) was also used to prevent the damage from insects especially pomegranate fruit fly. The experimental results clearly showed that photoselective nets influenced photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmitted through the canopy which caused variation in average monthly temperature and humidity. The quality of the fruits was affected under the open field conditions as compared to other treatments. Maximum acidity (0.412%), Vitamin C (13.52 mg/ 100 g), total sugars (13%) and highest antioxidant activity (40.1%) were recorded under open field conditions. Whereas minimum acidity (0.206%), minimum vitamin C (5.80mg/100g), total sugars (6.8%), and total phenols (7.5%) were recorded in the fruits grown under black shade net (50%). On the other hand, the application of shade net had significant impact on the quantitative characteristics. Shading with the net (Red 50%) resulted in the significant increase in the length of the fruits (83.39 mm) along with higher fruit weight (310 g) and highest yield of 6.70 kg/ plant as compared to the open field condition (3.14 kg/plant). The results, therefore, demonstrate the potency of photoselective netting (Red colour) for improving the agro-economic performance of horticultural crops especially in harsh climates and arid zones. Placing the red nets over mature plants at intermediate shade levels (35% PAR and 50% PAR) provides higher yield without any detrimental effects on fruit quality.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe research initiatives have greatly improved our understanding of biology and management of horticultural plantations under abiotically stressed environments. To overcome the edaphic constraints, the on-site soil and water conservation technologies like trenching, contour/strip planting, graded furrows/ridgesare are being advocated to enhance crop/tree growth while the off-site techniques include storage of run-off, transport of canal/drain water through multi-stage-pumping, water tankers and switching to drip irrigation. But fruit trees suffer the most due to constraint for root proliferation with insufficient soil volume and supply of water and nutrients in required amounts in such shallow soils underlain with hard murrum pans/stones. Therefore, it is generally argued that successful cultivation of fruit trees requires a major shift In planting techniques, site preparation for planting and post-planting management since the initial establishment and growth of fruit tree saplings is the most critical phase for orchards. Thus, the aim should be to create favorable niches in the ambient where their roots are located. Keeping in view, scientists at NIASM, Baramati, have established that subject to changes in planting techniques and the site management; the Initial growth of orchards can be boosted in shallow basaltic soils. Therefore, we have collated the available information from our experiences of establishing different orchards crops on a typical bClsaltlc rocky terrain for the benefits of growers.Not Availabl

Colonoscopic diagnosis of rectal perforation by foreign body

A foreign body in the rectum is not as common as other parts of the body and presents a dilemma for management. Variety of foreign bodies have been found into the rectum such as turnip, stick, tumbler, paper pot, screw driver, live shell, glass bottle, vibrator, door handle, electric bulb, candles, and fruits. Some are introduced for diagnostic or therapeutic purpose like thermometer, enema tubes, disposable enema tips, irrigation catheters. Emergency department procedures include rectal examination, proctoscopy, and abdominal radiography. Although foreign bodies can be removed in the emergency department in about two out of three cases, some still require a laparotomy and a diverting colostomy to remove the object or to treat bowel perforation

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Not AvailableA field trial was conducted at Central Institute of Post-harvest Engineering and Technology (CIPHET), Abohar (Punjab) during 2011-12 to determine the effect of three green shade nets (35,50 and 75%) along with three height (2, 2.5 and 3.5 metre) bamboo framed structures on yield and quality of tomato. There was no significant difference found in average monthly temperature and humidity inside shade net house and open field (control). Significant difference was recorded in yield. Highest average plant yield of (3.49 kg/plant) was found in 35 % shading net followed by open field (2.27). Lowest yield observed (1.07 kg / plant) in 75 % shading net. The tomatoes grown under shade net structures were glossy in appearance with good colour development as compared to open field (control). Further tomatoes produced in open field were attacked by the pest (Helicoverpa armigera) attack. No significant difference was observed in quality attributes viz. TSS, Acidity and ascorbic acid by shade net structures. However the higher TSS (6.1 oBrix), Acidity (0.69) and ascorbic acid (40.86 mg/100gm) was recorded in 35% shade net compare to control, (5.7, 0.61 and 36.42) respectively. Thus, use of 35 % shade net brought improvement in quality and yield of tomato grown in semi-arid region.Not Availabl

Fabrication, optimization and characterization of an osmotic push-pull drug delivery system for paliperidone

الملخص: أهداف البحث: باليبيريدون هو عقار نظام تصنيف الصيدلة الحيوية الدرجة الثانية ذو قابلية منخفضة للذوبان ونفاذية عالية. يحتوي على 28 ٪ من التوافر الحيوي عن طريق الفم المطلق ونصف عمر التخلص منه 23 ساعة. من أجل تحقيق إطلاق متحكم به على مدى فترة طويلة من الوقت بجرعة منخفضة وتجنب الحاجة إلى جرعة تحميل، يباع الجهاز اللوحي ثلاثي الطبقات التناضحي الدفع والسحب حاليا في السوق. ومع ذلك، فإن الأجهزة اللوحية ثلاثية الطبقات لها عيوب عديدة مثل العملية المعقدة وتكلفة الإنتاج العالية وصعوبة تحقيق توحيد المحتوى. وبالتالي كان الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو التغلب على الصعوبات المذكورة أعلاه المرتبطة بالريسبيريدون وصياغة قرص ثنائي الطبقة له خصائص دوائية مماثلة لتلك الخاصة بالعقار المرجعي إنفيجا. طريقة البحث: تم تحضير الأقراص ثنائية الطبقة عن طريق تحسين اللب والغشاء شبه المنفذ. تم تحليل التأثير الإضافي لوقت المعالجة مع حجم وعدد الفتحة على ملف الذوبان للأقراص المعدة. تم استخدام درجتين مختلفتين من أكسيد البولي إيثلين في الطبقة الأساسية وطبقة الدفع كمشكلين للمسام. النتائج: كانت قيم اختلاف الوزن والقابلية للتلف والصلابة للأقراص المحضرة ضمن حدود الخلاصة. كانت المعلمات المحسنة ثنائية الطبقة للقرص المحضر هي وقت المعالجة 5 ساعات، وطبقة الختم 7٪ وزن/وزن، وغطاء ''إي آر'' 13% وزن/وزن، وحجم الفوهة 0.6 مم، وعدد الفوهة -02. أظهرت صياغة أخرى للأقراص قيمة ''إف 2'' تبلغ 75.67 مما يشير إلى أن ملف تعريف الذوبان الخاص بها مشابه للدواء المرجعي إنفيجا. الاستنتاجات: وهكذا في العمل الحالي، تم إعداد قرص ثنائي الطبقة من الباليبيريدون للتغلب على العيوب المرتبطة بالتركيبة المسوقة بنجاح، مما يوفر مزايا مثل عملية تحضير أبسط، وفعالية من حيث التكلفة، وإعداد أقل استهلاكا للوقت للب القرص. Abstract: Objectives: Paliperidone is a BCS class II drug with low solubility and high permeability. It has 28% absolute oral bioavailability and an elimination half-life of 23 h. An osmotic push–pull trilayer tablet currently available on the market has achieved controlled release of a low dose over an extended time period, while avoiding the need for a loading dose. However, this trilayer tablet has several disadvantages, such as complicated processing, high production costs and difficulty in achieving uniformity of the contents. Thus, the objective of this study was to overcome the above difficulties associated with paliperidone and to formulate a bilayer tablet with a similar drug profile to that of the reference listed drug Invega®. Methods: The bilayer tablets were prepared by optimization of the core and semi-permeable membrane. Effects of the curing time, and the size and number of orifices on the prepared tablets’ dissolution profile were analyzed. Two different grades of polyethylene oxide were used in the core and push layer as pore formers. Results: The weight variation, friability and hardness values of the prepared tablets were well within compendium limits. The optimized bilayer parameters for the prepared tablets were curing time, 5 h; seal coat, 7% w/w; ER coat, 13% w/w; orifice size, 0.6 mm; and orifice number, 2. Further tablet formulation resulted in an F2 value of 75.67, indicating a dissolution profile similar to that of Invega®. Conclusion: Bi-layer tablets of paliperidone overcoming the drawbacks of the marketed formulation were successfully prepared, and offer advantages such as a simpler preparation process, cost effectiveness and faster preparation of the tablet core