Species Composition of Bats in Patheingyi Township

This present study was conducted in Patheingyi Township from June 201 0 to May 2011. Ten caves were surveyed and a total of 11 species, three Megabat species and eight Microbat species were identified and recorded. They belonged to five families and distributed among six genera. Out of the 11 species, Rousettus leschenaulti, Cynoptenus brachyotic and C.sphinx are Megabats; and Hipposideros larvatus, H.pomona, H.lylei, Rhinolophus coelophyllu, R.malayanus, R.pusillus, Megaderma spasma and Taphozous melanopogon are Microbats. Of these, H.lylel and R.coelophyllus, are previously not recorded and they are new record in this study area. The result of survey revealed that bat population was large and the species diversity was large

Awareness and Perceptions on Health Warning Labels on Cigarette Packs among Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study

Backgrounds. Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of premature deaths. Tobacco control remains a top priority, and health warning labels (HWLs) are one of the recommended methods. This study is aimed at examining the awareness and perceptions of HWLs on cigarette packs among smokers. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 smokers who were randomly recruited from three townships in Mandalay in 2018. A face-to-face interview was done using a questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the data. Results. About half were 18-40 years old; the majority were males (96.3%) and smokers (93.4%). Nearly all respondents noticed both pictorial warning and text messages, and about half could identify the current size of HWLs. Most of the smokers generally had positive perceptions and opinions on HWLS, and they strongly supported it. About 75% intended to reduce the number of cigarettes, and 18% were willing to quit within 6 months. Those who desired to reduce the number of cigarettes were more likely to quit within 6 months (aOR=7.6, 95% CI 1.6-35.9 and aOR=19.6, 95% CI 13.0-294.7 for those who had a little and strong desire, respectively). Conclusion. Awareness status and perceptions of the respondents were acceptable, and HWLs have motivated smokers to quit smoking. The Tobacco Control Program needs to strengthen the tobacco control law that prohibits selling loosies in order to maximize the benefits of HWLs