Air Quality Prediction using Voronai-Based Spatial Temporal Sequence Similarity with Conjugate Gradient Enabled Sparse Autoencoder Deep Learning

Air Quality Prediction (AQP) remains a difficult task because of multidimensional nonlinear spatiotemporal features. To solve this issue, an Improved Sparse Autoencoder with Deep Learning (ISAE-DL) and Enriched ISAE-DL (EISAE-DL) models were developed with the combination of concentric circle-based clustering, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) followed by the ISAE for AQP. In EISAE-DL, concentric circle-based clustering uses Manhattan distance to efficiently split the locations into four regions using its center and cluster the spatially and temporally similar candidate locations. But it was considered a fixed structure and may struggle to find variations in several data points. Also, it accommodate clusters with regular and circular patterns, whereas irregular and non-circular cluster patterns were not handled. Similarly, the ANN inference was often offended or ignored because of complex meteorological characteristics. Hence, this paper proposes a Voronoi-based spatial-temporal sequence similarity with the Conjugate gradient-enabled SAE-DL (VCSAE-DL) model for effective AQP. First, a Voronoi clustering is performed by creating the Voronoi diagram for analogous candidate location clustering. Then, the resultant clusters of location data along with the PM2.5 and other meteorological data are given to the Improved ANN (IANN), and the target stations are given to the LSTM to capture the spatiotemporal relationship features and temporal features, respectively. Also, CNN is used to extract relationships between terrain and air quality features. These extracted features are fused in the merge layer and transferred to the ISAE for final prediction of air quality. Finally, the test outcomes demonstrate that the VCSAE-DL achieves better prediction performance compared to the existing AQP models

Analysing adverse drug reaction patterns observed during district residency program: a prospective observational study

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) pose a substantial cost to global healthcare systems. The heterogeneous patient demographics and healthcare environments of district residency programmes (DRPs) provide special possibilities for detecting trends of ADRs. In order recognize recurring trends and related variables, this study will examine ADR incidents that occur during DRPs. Methods: A prospective observational research with forty-three patients was carried out. Standardized reporting forms were used to gather data on ADRs, and descriptive statistical techniques were used to analyse the results. We evaluated medication information, patient demographics, and ADR features to seek for patterns and potential causes. Results: Preliminary analysis revealed a diverse range of ADRs observed during DRPs, spanning various severity levels and therapeutic classes. Common ADRs included gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic reactions, and central nervous system effects. Factors such as patient age, polypharmacy, and comorbidities emerged as potential predictors of ADR occurrence. Conclusions: The panorama of ADRs seen during DRPs is clarified by this study, underscoring the significance of careful monitoring, and reporting mechanisms in these initiatives. Gaining insight into ADR trends and related variables can help in improving patient safety, simplifying drug management plans, and directing future educational initiatives for medical professionals

Efficacy of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, potential fungi for bio control of Echinochloa crus-galli (Barnyard grass)

A systematic field study was conducted in agricultural fields such as food crops, pulses, vegetable crops, oil crops and commercial crops to estimate infestation of Echinochloa crus – galli (barnyard grass), a common terrestrial weed belonging to family poaceae. The in vitro pathogenicity studies on barnyard grass were conducted using spore inoculum (8X107/ml) of an indigenous fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The pathogen was re-isolated from inoculated plants to fulfill Koch’s postulates and confirmed its host specificity on barnyard grass. The disease by the isolate was critically analyzed and the results revealed that Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a potential agent to biological control of barnyard grass. The results revealed that the pathogen causes significantly (P < 0.05) severe infection on host weed and destructs the weed population by leaf spot diseases. The findings of the research suggested that the isolate Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is highly virulent and host-specific, and recommended for further studies as a promising biocontrol agent against barnyard grass weed. Keywords: Mycoherbicides, Barnyard grass, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Koch’s postulate

A study on echocardiography findings in severe pre-eclampsia and their maternal and fetal outcome

Background: Pre-eclampsia includes elevated blood pressure after 20 weeks of gestation with proteinuria. It constitutes the major reason behind maternal mortality in developing countries. It is one of the major reasons of maternal mortality and morbidity having greater effect on fetal morbidity and mortality also. The objectives of the study were to study the echocardiography changes in severe pre-eclampsia; to determine the left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in pre-eclamptic women by measuring the LV systolic and diastolic indices using echocardiography; to compare normal and abnormal ECHO findings in severe pre-eclampsia in terms of maternal and perinatal outcome.Methods: Prospective observational study conducted in department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Government Theni medical college from August 2019 to October 2020 to study normal and abnormal echocardiography changes in severe pre-eclamptic patients and to study maternal and fetal outcome in those two groups.Results: LV systolic function was within normal limits in our control and study group population of severe pre-eclampsia. Statistically significant LV diastolic dysfunction was seen Pulmonary edema and cardiac failure did not occur in any patient of our study population.Conclusions: From our study of ECHO in severe pre-eclampsia patients we came to a conclusion that left ventricular dysfunction occurs in many of the patients with severe pre-eclampsia and identification of diastolic dysfunction at an early stage could be of much use in preventing the complication which can arise due to the cardiac problems

Tibial tuberosity fracture in adult as an unusual pattern of injury

Tibial tuberosity avulsion is an uncommon fracture in adults, such lesions typically seen in adolescent male with well-developed quadriceps, ligaments when they are stronger than growth plate. We described a case of 51-year-old gentlemen had direct trauma to left knee, no risk factors were identified, not able to walk, difficulty in straight leg raise test, radiograph of left knee showed tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture. The fracture was treated with open reduction and internal fixation, f/u with successful rehabilitation which results in good range of motion and excellent function at knee joint. The aim of study is present unusual and rare case of tibial tuberosity Avulsion fracture in adult, early diagnosis, surgical mode of treatment, post-surgery rehabilitation and possible complications

ANTI FUNGAL COMPOUNDS FROM MARINE STREPTOMYCES

Objective: To identify antifungal compounds from marine Streptomyces.Methods: Strptomyces were isolated from marine soil sample by the spread plate method. From the active strain crude compounds were extracted by the solvent extraction method. Crude compounds were purified by TLC method. Then the identification of compounds done by GC-MS analysis.Results: One of the active strain was identified as Streptomyces rubralavendulae strain SU1 (HQ234765). The antifungal compounds were shown resistant to Candida albicans. The antifungal compounds were identified by GC-MS as 2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-1-heptanol and Eicosane.Conclusion: These results could support the suggestion of Streptomyces as an alternative of the host for medicinal activity for treating fungal infections.Â

A study of efficacy of ormeloxifene in abnormal uterine bleeding of ovulatory disorders

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) of ovulatory disorders is defined as the state of abnormal bleeding from the genital tract without any clinically detectable organic, systemic and iatrogenic cause. AUB is one of the common gynaecological issues among the patients visiting the hospital as it could affect at least 1/3rd of women in the child bearing age. Ormeloxifene, a nonsteroidal, nonhormonal and selective estrogen receptor modulator is a highly safe drug in treating acute and abnormal menstrual bleeding.   Methods: The 40 cases of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) with ovulatory disorder in the range of 40-52 years of age were treated with 60 mg ormeloxifene twice a week for first 12 weeks and once a week for next 12 weeks.  The patients were evaluated for haemoglobin, pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) score and endometrial thickness before and after treatment.Results: A significant decrease in endometrial thickness and PBAC score was observed. Also, the level of haemoglobin is found to increase significantly from 8.4±0.8 to 9.9±0.7. In this study, following 6 months of treatment with ormeloxifene, 90% of cases had marked improvement in their symptoms, while 10% of the patients required surgical management i.e., hysterectomy. Amenorrhea was observed in 7.5% of total cases and hypomenorrhea in 5% cases.Conclusions: Based on these results we could conclude that ormeloxifene could be the drug of choice in patients with AUB as it is very safe with manageable side effects. This simple drug-based therapy has facilitated compliance, tolerability and noticeable reduction of symptoms resulting in satisfaction towards the treatment

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING ORAL IN SITU GEL OF DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE

Objective: The objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate the floating in-situ gelling system of diltiazem hydrochloride.Methods: Sodium alginate based diltiazem hydrochloride floating in situ gelling systems were prepared by dissolving hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) in 25% of water, to which calcium carbonate and diltiazem hydrochloride were added with stirring to form, a proper and a homogenous dispersion of diltiazem hydrochloride. Meanwhile, 30% of water was heated to 60 ËšC on a hot plate to dissolve sodium alginate and cooled to 40 ËšC. The resulting solution was added to HPMC solution and mixed well. To 5% of water at 60 ËšC, sodium methyl paraben was added and dissolved and cooled to 40 ËšC and was added to the above mixture and mixed well. The volume was adjusted finally to 100% with distilled water. Prepared formulae were evaluated for physicochemical properties, drug content, pH, in vitro gelling capacity, in vitro buoyancy, viscosity, water uptake and in vitro drug release.Results: Formulation variables such as type and concentration of viscosity enhancing polymer (sodium alginate) and HPMC affected the formulation viscosity, gelling properties, floating behavior, and in vitro drug release. Formulation F5 and F6 showed the floating time of 5 min and more than 20 h respectively. A significant decrease in the rate and extent of the drug release was observed with the increase in polymer concentration in in-situ gelling preparation. Formulation F4, F5, F6 were shown to have extended drug release until the end of 7 h.Conclusion: The prepared in situ gelling formulations of diltiazem hydrochloride could float in the gastric conditions and released the drug in a sustained manner. The present formulation was non-irritant, easy to administer along with good retention properties, better patient compliant and with greater efficacy of the drug