Mean unadjusted myocardial perfusion ischemic defect severity [raw summed difference score (SDS)] with mental stress according to five groups of progressively higher depressive symptoms using quintiles of the BDI-II total score.

<p>The error bars represent standard errors. The p-value is from a linear regression model where quintiles of the BDI-II score were modeled as an ordinal variable. There was a statistically significant progressive increase in mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia with increasing depressive symptom severity.</p

Mean unadjusted myocardial perfusion ischemic defect severity [raw summed difference score (SDS)] with physical (exercise or pharmacological) stress according to five groups of progressively higher depressive symptoms using quintiles of the BDI-II total score.

<p>The error bars represented standard errors. The p-value is from a linear regression model where quintiles of the BDI-II score were modeled as an ordinal variable. There was no statistical difference in physical stress-induced myocardial ischemia with increasing depressive symptom severity. No association was also found when non-parametric regression with smoothing splines was used to model a non-linear association.</p

Association between BDI-II somatic and cognitive symptom scores and myocardial ischemia severity with mental stress, as quantified by the SDS.

<p>Abbreviations: BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II; SDS: summed difference score; CI: confidence interval; CAD: coronary artery disease.</p>†<p>The β coefficient expresses the difference in SDS score points with a 1-point increase in BDI-II total score. Each model was constructed with SSS as dependent variable adjusting for the rest score (SRS). SE: standard error.</p>‡<p>Sex, employment, race, marital status and cigarette smoking.</p>§<p>Gensini angiographic CAD severity score, left ventricular ejection fraction, hypertension, diabetes, BMI, previous revascularization procedures, use of statins, beta-blockers, and anti-depressants.</p

Association between depressive symptoms (BDI-II total score) and myocardial ischemia severity, as quantified by the SDS with mental stress and with physical (exercise or pharmacological) stress.

<p>Abbreviations: BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II; SDS: summed difference score; CI: confidence interval; CAD: coronary artery disease.</p>†<p>The β coefficient expresses the difference in SDS score points with a 1-point increase in BDI-II total score. Each model was constructed with SSS as dependent variable adjusting for the rest score (SRS). SE: standard error.</p>‡<p>Sex, employment, race, marital status and cigarette smoking.</p>§<p>Gensini angiographic CAD severity score, left ventricular ejection fraction, hypertension, diabetes, BMI, previous revascularization procedures, use of statins, beta-blockers, and anti-depressants.</p

Sociodemographic factors, military service, lifestyle, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in twins with and without obstructive sleep apnea.

Sociodemographic factors, military service, lifestyle, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in twins with and without obstructive sleep apnea.</p

Myocardial perfusion imaging data in twins with and without obstructive sleep apnea.

Myocardial perfusion imaging data in twins with and without obstructive sleep apnea.</p

Within-pair and between-pair relationships between the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) as a continuous variable and total severity score ≥100, in twins discordant for AHI (at least 5-point difference).

The pairwise analysis is also shown for AHI status as a categorical variable.</p

Multivariable analysis of the relationship between the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), both as a dichotomous variable (AHI ≥15) and as a continuous variable, and total severity score ≥100, in the overall sample with twins treated as individuals.

Multivariable analysis of the relationship between the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), both as a dichotomous variable (AHI ≥15) and as a continuous variable, and total severity score ≥100, in the overall sample with twins treated as individuals.</p

Participant flow diagram and construction of the analytical sample.

Participant flow diagram and construction of the analytical sample.</p

Association of a total severity score ≥100, a measure of abnormal myocardial perfusion obtained using positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging, with indicators of obstructive sleep apnea classified in tertiles of their distribution, including the Apnea/Hypopnea Index (AHI), the Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI), the oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and the cumulative proportion (%) of sleep spent with oxygen saturation (SaO2) < 90%.

P values test the difference between first and third tertile.</p