Ways of Talking (and Acting) About Language Reclamation: An Ethnographic Perspective on Learning Lenape in Pennsylvania

The experiences of a community of people learning and teaching Lenape in Pennsylvania provide insights into the complexities of current ways of talking and acting about language reclamation. We illustrate how Native and non-Native participants in a university-based Indigenous language class constructed language, identity, and place in nuanced ways that, although influenced by essentializing discourses of language endangerment, are largely pluralist and reflexive. Rather than counting and conserving fixed languages, the actors in this study focus on locally appropriate language education, undertaken with participatory classroom discourses and practices. We argue that locally responsible, participatory educational responses to language endangerment such as this, although still rare in formal higher education, offer a promising direction in which to invest resources

Documentation for the CETACEA database of marine mammal literature references

This documentation for the CETACEA database of marine mammal literature references updates and expands the original work by Watkins, Bird, Moore, and Tyack 1988 (Reference Database Marine Mammal Literature, Technical Report WHOI-88-2). The CETACEA database is a comprehensive index of literature references used to file, store, search, retrieve, and format the data on marine animals. Organization of the references is complementary to features developed by William E. Schevill for his library of older cetacea literature, having direct association of species with over 300 indexed subjects, and with observation dates, locations, etc. This documentation describes the operation of the database (360 records), including indexing, sorting, and retrieval information developed though continued use of these systems. SPECIES and SUBJECT HEADING lists with their codes have been updated. Other databases have also developed around these indexing and sorting strategies to complement the CETACEA database, including databases of animal sounds for both the recordng data and the acoustic spectral information stored in libraries of digital sound cuts.Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research through Contract Number N00014-88-K-0273

Attitudes and Behaviors Related to Provocative Clothing Advertisements

Today\u27s apparel market is characterized by fierce competition and consumers are exposed to a multitude of advertising stimuli each day. Some apparel companies develop provocative advertising campaigns as a way to gain public attention. Provocative images pervade every facet of mass communications and it is such a common component in advertising that often its existence goes without saying (Heller, 2000). Sexual imagery is an effective way of attracting the attention of consumers (Vezina & Paul, 1997) and implementing sexual appeals leads to better memory, attitudes, and purchase intentions (Putrevu, 2008)

Pourquoi commencer ? L’initiation à l’injection de drogues selon les jeunes de la rue

Dans le cadre du développement d’une campagne de prévention du passage à l’injection de drogues chez les jeunes de la rue, nous avons mené sept groupes de discussion auprès de 37 d’entre eux âgés de 15 à 23 ans. L’analyse, à la fois déductive et inductive, a permis d’identifier les dimensions reflétant le point de vue des jeunes à propos de l’injection de drogues et des éléments qui favorisent le passage à l’injection dans leur milieu. Les résultats montrent que l’injection est généralement désapprouvée par les jeunes de la rue. Plusieurs ont des réserves, celles-ci étant liées aux conséquences négatives de l’injection. Ce que les jeunes redoutent le plus, c’est de devenir « accro », un risque qu’ils associent davantage à l’injection qu’aux autres modes de consommation. Malgré la désapprobation générale, au contact des utilisateurs de drogues par injection (UDI), il se produit une sorte de désensibilisation qui entraîne vers l’injection les plus vulnérables, soit les plus jeunes, surtout ceux qui satisfont leur besoin de sensations fortes à travers la drogue et recherchent une valorisation dans le monde de la rue. Divers éléments d’ordre individuel et social agissent alors pour amener ces jeunes à s’initier à l’injection. Plusieurs de ces éléments peuvent être modifiables par des interventions préventives.During the development of a media campaign, aimed at preventing initiation into injection drug use among street youth, we conducted seven focus groups with 37 youth aged between 15 and 23 years. The analysis process, at the same time deductive and inductive, permitted us to identify dimensions reflecting the viewpoint of street youth concerning injection drug use and the factors that favour initiation in their milieu. The results show that injection is generally disapproved of among street youth. Many have reservations because of the negative consequences linked to this behaviour. What youth fear most is becoming “an addict”, a risk that they associate especially with injection compared with other forms of drug use. Despite widespread disapproval, with continuing contact with injection drug user (IDUs), a kind of desensitization occurs which affects the most vulnerable youth, mainly the youngest, mostly those who satisfy their need for strong sensations through drugs and seek social valorisation in the street scene. Different factors, both on an individual level as well as a social level, influence these youth to start injecting. Some of these factors may be modifiable through preventive interventions.En el marco del desarrollo de una campaña de prevención del pasaje a la inyección de drogas en los jóvenes de la calle, hemos dirigido siete grupos de discusión en los que participaron 37 jóvenes de 15 a 23 años. El análisis, a la vez deductivo e inductivo, ha permitido identificar las dimensiones que reflejan el punto de vista de los jóvenes sobre la inyección de drogas y los elementos que favorecen el pasaje a la inyección en su medio. Los resultados muestran que los jóvenes de la calle desaprueban en general el uso de la inyección. Muchos de ellos tienen reservas sobre las consecuencias negativas de la inyección y lo que más temen es devenir adictos, riesgo que asocian a la inyección de drogas más que a cualquier otro modo de consumo. A pesar del rechazo general, en el contacto con los usuarios de droga por inyección (UDI) se produce un tipo de desensibilización que atrae hacia la inyección a los más vulnerables, es decir, a los más jóvenes, sobre todo los que satisfacen su necesidad de sensaciones fuertes a través de la droga y que buscan una valorización en el mundo de la calle. Actúan entonces diversos elementos de naturaleza individual y social que llevan a estos jóvenes a iniciarse en las drogas inyectables. Muchos de estos elementos pueden modificarse mediante intervenciones preventivas

Failure of potassium canrenoate to alter experimentally induced digitalis arrhythmias

The antiarrhythmic effects of potassium canrenoate were examined under in vivo and in vitro conditions. In the pentobarbital anesthetized dog, ventricular tachycardia was produced by the i.v. administration of ouabain, 64.4 +/- 3.7 [mu]g/kg. Potassium canrenoate was administered in increments of 10 mg/kg until a total dose of 30 mg/kg had been achieved. 1 animal developed ventricular fibrillation and in the remaining 7 dogs, the ouabain-induced ectopic focus was not suppressed. However, in 3 dogs, a sinus or junctional tachycardia occured after potassium canrenoate was administered and the rates exceeded that of the ventricular focus. Stimulation of the distal right vagus, however, resulted in a suppression of the supraventricular rhythm and a reappearance of the ventricular ectopic focus. In the rabbit perfused isolated heart, potassium canrenoate (10-3 M) failed to prevent or reverse acetylstrophanthidin-induced arrhythmias. It is concluded that potassium canrenoate fails to suppress or reverse the cardiotoxic effects of digitalis in the intact dog heart or in isolated heart muscle preparations. In addition, sodium canrenoate does not prevent the positive inotropic action of ouabain.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33867/1/0000128.pd

Oligodendrocyte RasG12V Expressed in its Endogenous Locus Disrupts Myelin Structure Through Increased MAPK, Nitric Oxide, and Notch Signaling

Costello syndrome (CS) is a gain of function Rasopathy caused by heterozygous activating mutations in the HRAS gene. Patients show brain dysfunction that can include abnormal brain white matter. Transgenic activation of HRas in the entire mouse oligodendrocyte lineage resulted in myelin defects and behavioral abnormalities, suggesting roles for disrupted myelin in CS brain dysfunction. Here we studied a mouse model in which the endogenous HRas gene is conditionally replaced by mutant HRasG12V in mature oligodendrocytes, to separate effects in mature myelinating cells from developmental events. Increased myelin thickness due to decompaction was detectable within one month of HRasG12V expression in the corpus callosum of adult mice. Increases in active ERK and Nitric Oxide (NO) were present in HRas mutants and inhibition of NO synthase (NOS) or MEK each partially rescued myelin decompaction. In addition, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of Notch signaling improved myelin compaction. Complete rescue of myelin structure required dual drug treatments combining MAPK, NO or Notch inhibition; with MEK + NOS blockade producing the most robust effect. We suggest that individual or concomitant blockade of these pathways in Costello syndrome patients may improve aspects of brain function

Oligodendrocyte Nf1 Controls Aberrant Notch Activation and Regulates Myelin Structure and Behavior

The RASopathy neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common autosomal dominant genetic disorders. In NF1 patients, neurological issues may result from damaged myelin, and mice with a neurofibromin gene (Nf1) mutation show white matter (WM) defects including myelin decompaction. Using mouse genetics, we find that altered Nf1 gene-dose in mature oligodendrocytes results in progressive myelin defects and behavioral abnormalities mediated by aberrant Notch activation. Blocking Notch, upstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), or nitric oxide signaling rescues myelin defects in hemizygous Nf1 mutants, and pharmacological gamma secretase inhibition rescues aberrant behavior with no effects in wild-type (WT) mice. Concomitant pathway inhibition rescues myelin abnormalities in homozygous mutants. Notch activation is also observed in Nf1+/− mouse brains, and cells containing active Notch are increased in NF1 patient WM. We thus identify Notch as an Nf1 effector regulating myelin structure and behavior in a RASopathy and suggest that inhibition of Notch signaling may be a therapeutic strategy for NF1

RAHI-SATHI Indo-U.S. Collaboration: The Evolution of a Trainee-Led Twinning Model in Global Health Into a Multidisciplinary Collaborative Program

BACKGROUND: In recent years there has been a surge in the number of global health programs operated by academic institutions. However, most of the existing programs describe partnerships that are primarily faculty-driven and supported by extramural funding. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: Research and Advocacy for Health in India (RAHI, or pathfinder in Hindi) and Support and Action Towards Health-Equity in India (SATHI, or partnership in Hindi) are 2 interconnected, collaborative efforts between the University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) and Charutar Arogya Mandal (CAM), a medical college and a tertiary care center in rural western India. The RAHI-SATHI program is the culmination of a series of student/trainee-led research and capacity strengthening initiatives that received institutional support in the form of faculty mentorship and seed funding. RAHI-SATHI\u27s trainee-led twinning approach overcomes traditional barriers faced by global health programs. Trainees help mitigate geographical barriers by acting as a bridge between members from different institutions, garner cultural insight through their ability to immerse themselves in a community, and overcome expertise limitations through pre-planned structured mentorship from faculty of both institutions. Trainees play a central role in cultivating trust among the team members and, in the process, they acquire personal leadership skills that may benefit them in their future careers. CONCLUSION: This paradigm of trainee-led twinning partnership promotes sustainability in an uncertain funding climate and provides a roadmap for conducting foundational work that is essential for the development of a broad, university-wide global health program