Solvent and Method for Extraction of Triglyceride Rich Oil

The present invention relates to a solvent for use in extracting oil from an oil bearing material, such as soybeans, with the solvent resulting in the selective extraction of a triglyceride rich oil, which contains 95% or greater triglycerides and non-polar constituents, with the solvent comprised of a hydrocarbon, preferably hexane, and a fluorocarbon, so that the solvent has a viscosity less than 2.6 centipoise and a polarity of less than 0.1. The present invention also relates to a method of using the solvent to extract the triglyceride rich oil, with the method including preferably extracting the oil at a temperature ranging between 35° C. and 55° C., and then preferably cooling resulting miscella to a temperature ranging between 15° C. and 25° C

Solvent and Method for Extraction of Triglyceride Rich Oil

The present invention relates to a solvent for use in extracting oil from an oil bearing material, such as soybeans, with the solvent resulting in the selective extraction of a triglyceride rich oil, which contains 95% or greater triglycerides and non-polar constituents, with the solvent comprised of a hydrocarbon, preferably hexane, and a fluorocarbon, so that the solvent has a viscosity less than 2.6 centipoise and a polarity of less than 0.1. The present invention also relates to a method of using the solvent to extract the triglyceride rich oil, with the method including preferably extracting the oil at a temperature ranging between 35° C. and 55° C., and then preferably cooling resulting miscella to a temperature ranging between 15° C. and 25° C

Solvent and Method for Extraction of Triglyceride Rich Oil

The present invention relates to a solvent for use in extracting oil from an oil bearing material, such as soybeans, with the solvent resulting in the selective extraction of a triglyceride rich oil, which contains 95% or greater triglycerides and non-polar constituents, with the solvent comprised of a hydrocarbon, preferably hexane, and a fluorocarbon, so that the solvent has a viscosity less than 2.6 centipoise and a polarity of less than 0.1. The present invention also relates to a method of using the solvent to extract the triglyceride rich oil, with the method including preferably extracting the oil at a temperature ranging between 35° C. and 55° C., and then preferably cooling resulting miscella to a temperature ranging between 15° C. and 25° C

Repeated Low-Level Blast Exposure Alters Urinary And Serum Metabolites

Repeated exposure to low-level blast overpressures can produce biological changes and clinical sequelae that resemble mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). While recent efforts have revealed several protein biomarkers for axonal injury during repetitive blast exposure, this study aims to explore potential small molecule biomarkers of brain injury during repeated blast exposure. This study evaluated a panel of ten small molecule metabolites involved in neurotransmission, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism in the urine and serum of military personnel (n = 27) conducting breacher training with repeated exposure to low-level blasts. The metabolites were analyzed using HPLC—tandem mass spectrometry, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical analysis to compare the levels of pre-blast and post-blast exposures. Urinary levels of homovanillic acid (p \u3c 0.0001), linoleic acid (p = 0.0030), glutamate (p = 0.0027), and serum N-acetylaspartic acid (p = 0.0006) were found to be significantly altered following repeated blast exposure. Homovanillic acid concentration decreased continuously with subsequent repeat exposure. These results suggest that repeated low-level blast exposures can produce measurable changes in urine and serum metabolites that may aid in identifying individuals at increased risk of sustaining a TBI. Larger clinical studies are needed to extend the generalizability of these findings

A Simple Analytical Methodology for Multiresidue Pollutant Determinations

A simple analytical methodology based on supercritical fluid extraction and carbon adsorbent traps was evaluated. The methodology provided good accuracy and precision for organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, selected polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and thiophosphate insecticides. The application of supercritical CO2 provides a selective and efficient means for extraction of these pollutants from varied environmental matrices. The use of carbon (suspended on glass fiber) traps permits efficient trapping of analytes. The adsorbed analytes can then be fractionated with suitable solvents. In the present study, average recoveries for most organochlorines ranged from 90-95%. Recovery for PAHs and thiophosphates was found to be dependent on aromaticity and polarity of the molecules

Coupling Enzyme Immunoassay with Supercritical Fluid Extraction

The coupling of enzyme immunoassay with supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is an attractive technique for analysts faced with decreasing the use of hazardous solvents, due to their adverse impact on the environment. This chapter will describe the development of supercritical fluid extraction techniques which can be combined with enzyme immunoassays for the detection of pesticide residues and similar toxicants in food and environmental samples. The use of static versus dynamic SFE will be contrasted with respect to speed of analysis, equipment requirements, and quantitative vs. qualitative analysis. Detection of the presence of pesticides in meat matrices was accomplished using different commercial test kits. Removal of various interferences from the sample extract prior to EIA is necessary to achieve quantitative results, due to the presence of lipid coextractives in the extract. The above techniques have been successfully employed to determine pesticide residue content in meat products and other matrices below their specified tolerance limit set by regulatory agencies

Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Enzyme Immunoassay for Pesticide Detection in Meat Products

Two techniques supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were integrated into an analytical method for the rapid detection of pesticide residues in meat samples. The pesticides of interest were extracted from meats using supercritical CO2. A pumpless SFE system, which was designed in our laboratory, and commercial equipment were used in SFE experiments. The presence of pesticide residues in the extract was quantitatively determined using the magnetic bead-based EIA kits. Several types of pesticides (alachlor, carbofuran, atrazine, benomyl, and 2,4-D), spiked in the meat samples (bovine liver, ground beef, and lard), were extracted and analyzed. Interferences caused by the coextracted substances from these complex sample matrices required the use of a cleanup step prior to the EIA test. The described techniques are potentially portable and could be used for the rapid screening of meat samples in plant environments

Supercritical Fluid Transesterification for the Catalyst-Free Production of Biodiesel

Non-catalytic transesterification of triglycerides with supercritical fluids provides a new way of producing biodiesel fuel from various sources of oils and fats. For the enhanced production of biodiesel, soybean oil was treated with a supercritical mixture of methanol and carbon dioxide without the aid of traditional alkali or acid catalyst. Supercritical reaction parameters investigated for the maximum biodiesel formation were the reaction time, temperature, pressure and the molar ratio of supercritical fluid to triglycerides. The catalyst-free supercritical reaction process tolerated the presence of water and eliminated the catalyst removing steps. The results also indicated that the addition of a co-solvent, supercritical carbon dioxide, increases the rate of the transesterification and allows more moderate reaction conditions

Transesterification of Bio-Renewable Oils with Supercritical Alcohols

Catalyst-free transesterification reaction in the supercritical alcohol is investigated for the production of biodiesel fuel and epoxy resin. Alcohols evaluated for the supercritical transesterification of oils from soybean and microalgae are methanol, ethanol, propanol, and ally alcohol. The reaction parameters studied were the reaction time, temperature, molar ratio of alcohol to triglycerides, and addition of third component, while the critical pressure is maintained constant. High temperature and pressure conditions help to accelerate the transesterification reaction since the supercritical alcohol has an enhanced contact with the oil. The supercritical transesterification reaction is conducted without the traditional acid/base catalyst and allows easier recovery of pure biodiesel product. The supercritical alcohol method is also employed with small-volume reactors that are designed for the fast analysis of oleaginous biomass samples

Comprehensive Profiling of Isoflavones, Phytosterols, Tocopherols, Minerals, Crude Protein, Lipid, and Sugar during Soybean (Glycine Max) Germination

Isoflavone, phytosterol, tocopherol, mineral, protein, lipid, and sugar contents of soybeans were analyzed during 7-day germination with or without exposure to light. The levels of phytosterols and tocopherols increased significantly during the 3 day germination. Although malonyl glycosides were the predominant forms of isoflavones in soybean seeds, 77% of malonyl daidzin and 30% of malonyl genistin were converted to corresponding daidzin, daidzein, genistin, and genistein during the germination period. Slight decreases in malonal glycidin and malonyl glycidin concentrations were also observed while the total molar concentration of isoflavones remained constant. An increase of approximately 4% in the protein level was accompanied by a 5-6% reduction in the carbohydrate and lipid contents after the 7-day germination. Mineral (Ca, Cr, Fe, Zn Cu, K, Mg, Mn) levels did not vary much during germination, and the presence of light during germination had only a little, if any, effect on the levels of the micro- and macronutrients in soybeans