SCREENING AND SELECTION OF WHITE ROT FUNGI FOR BIOLOGICAL DELIGNIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES

ABSTRACT Rapid industrialization and population explosion are some of the major causes which has depleted and polluted the natural resources like never before. The large availability of agricultural and agro industrial residues makes it possible to use these materials for energy applications and as chemical feedstock . The major steps in the conversion system are pre-treatment and enzymatic saccharification, to convert into fermentable sugars. Delignification is necessary since the presence of lignin makes the residue more resistant to enzymatic attack. Cellulose is available in great abundance in agricultural crop residues and forestry wastes, and offers a great scope for bioconversion. Among the biological delignification methods white-rot fungi belonging to the class Basidiomycetes are mainly used. In the present study 20 known white rot fungi were used for screening using bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw. Out of which five cultures i.e. Phanerochaetes chrysosporium, Ganoderma applanatum, Lenzites adusta , Lenzites acuta and Dadela flavida were found significant in lignin removal. Preferential substrate for all selected white rot fungi are bagasse in comparison to rice straw and wheat straw. Phanerochaetes chrysosporium showed maximum delignification upto 40% among all the tested isolates

Evolutionary Perspective of Fungal Pathogenic Genes

Fungal pathogenesis has been vastly investigated in recent years and the phylogenic studies of fungal genome reveal that unique genes are responsible for pathogenesis. It has been found that the pathogenesis is caused by genes responsible for DNA repair, vegetative growth and sporulation. In the recent past, studies on filamentous pathogenic fungi playing an important role in establishing a pathogenic relationship with the host was well described

Gastric bacterial Flora in patients Harbouring Helicobacter pylori with or without chronic dyspepsia: analysis with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy

Abstract Background The gastric microbiota has recently been implicated in the causation of organic/structural gastroduodenal diseases (gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric cancer) in patients with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. We aimed to ascertain, in patients harbouring H. pylori, the role of the gastric microbiota in the causation of symptoms (chronic dyspepsia) in the absence of organic disease. Methods Seventy-four gastric biopsy samples obtained at endoscopy from patients with (n = 21) or without (n = 53) chronic dyspepsia, and that tested positive by the bedside rapid urease test for H. pylori infection, were cultured for detection of H. pylori and non-H. pylori organisms. The cultured organisms were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS). Results A total of 106 non-H. pylori isolates were obtained from 74 patients’ samples. This included 33 isolates (median 2, range 1–2 per patient) from dyspeptic and 73 (median 2, range 1–2 per patient) from non-dyspeptic patients. These were identified from the Bruker Biotyper 2 database as Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia spp., Klebsiella spp. and Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus were identified significantly more commonly in dyspeptics and Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in non-dyspeptics. All identified organisms belonged to the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Conclusions There is a qualitative difference in the gastric microbial spectrum between patients harbouring H. pylori with and without chronic dyspepsia. Whether these organisms have an independent role in the development or prevention of dyspepsia or act in concurrence with H. pylori needs study

Method development and validation of paracetamol drug by RP-HPLC

A simple and reproducible method was developed for paracetamol by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). Paracetamol was separated on C18 column [4.6x250mm, particle size 5μm], using ortho phosphoric acid buffer with pH of 3.5 at the UV detection of 207nm. Isocratic elution of acetonitrile (ACN) and water was used as a mobile phase with various ratios and flow rates, eventually 25:75 v/v ACN and water was being set with the flow rate of 1mL/min. The statistical validation parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, inter-day and intraday variation were checked, further the limit of detection and limit of quantification of paracetamol concentrations were found to be 120ng/mL and 360ng/mL. Recovery and assay studies of paracetamol were within 99 to 102% indicating that the pro-posed method can be adoptable for quality control analysis of paracetamol

Pyrazine Motif Containing Hexagonal Macrocycles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Host–Guest Chemistry with Nitro Aromatics

The synthesis and characterization of cationic two-dimensional metallamacrocycles having a hexagonal shape and cavity are described. Both macrocycles utilize a pyrazine motif containing an organometallic acceptor tecton with platinum­(II) centers along with different donor ligands. While one macrocycle is a relatively larger [6 + 6], the other is a relatively smaller [2 + 2] polygon. A unique feature of the smaller ensemble is that it is an irregular polygon in which all six edges are not of equal length. Molecular modeling of these macrocycles confirmed the presence of hexagonal cavities. The ability of these π-electron rich macrocycles to act as potential hosts for relatively electron deficient nitroaromatics (DNT = 2,4-dinitrotoluene and PA = picric acid) has been studied using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) as a tool. Molecular dynamics simulation studies were subsequently performed to gain critical insight into the binding interactions between the nitroaromatic guest molecules (PA/DNT) and the ionic macrocycles reported herein

Lnc-EPB41-Protein Interactions Associated with Congenital Pouch Colon

Congenital Pouch Colon (CPC) is a rare anorectal anomaly common to northwestern India, specifically Rajasthan. Despite efforts to understand the clinical genetic makeup of CPC, no attempt on identifying non-coding RNAs was done. We have earlier reported CPC’s rare variants from whole exome sequencing (WES) across 18 affected samples in a total of 64 subjects. A Smith–Waterman algorithm was used to infer a couple of lncRNAs from WES samples of CPC with predictions from the Noncode database. Further screening and quantification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we ascertained interactions using Micro Scale Thermophoresis (MST). We report the role of lnc-EPB41-1-1 shown to be promiscuously interacting with KIF13A substantiating their role in regulation