Assessment of individual water quality index parameter in Terengganu River, Malaysia

Water quality is a state of biological, physical, and chemical characteristics of water in collaboration with anticipated use and a set of standards. Samplings were taken in wet and dry seasons from twenty-nine stations within the river basin. Six parameters were used base on National Water Quality Standard (NWQS). Individual Water Quality Index (WQI) is used to compare the parameters with WQI table to show results on many impacts of natural and anthropogenic factors. Six parameters have been calculated to have the WQI which is wet season has a range of 62.10 to 75.46 with a mean of 72.81, while dry season ranging from 56.3 74.14 with an average of 70.47 which based on water quality classification is slightly polluted. It is suggested that monitoring and treatment should be appropriately carried out on measured parameters that fall in Class III and IV along with the river.Keywords: water quality index; individual parameter; NWQS; Terengganu Rive

Determination of Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Fish Samples from River Rima (Kwalkwalawa) in Sokoto State, Nigeria

This research work was conducted to assess the levels of heavy metals namely; Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn in three fish samples Lates niloticus (Giwanruwa), Hyperupisus bebe occidentalis (kuma) and Clarias geriepinus(kulme), of River Rima (Kwalkwalawa). The analysis was performed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results of the analysis suggested that there were high levels of the analyzed metals in Lates niloticus (Fe-0.4369, Pb-0.0102, Cd-0.0530), Hyperupisus bebe occidentalis (Fe-0.2003, Pb-0.0080, Cd-0.00356), and Clarias geriepinus (Fe-0.1888, Cd-0.1050) compared to the WHO/EU standards. However the concentrations of Cu and Zn in all the samples were found to be within the WHO/EU permissible limit. Therefore, the fishes obtained from this river have high concentration of Fe, Pb and Cd beyond the tolerable level, which indicated that as far as these metals are concerned, the fishes are unfit for human consumption. Consequently, close monitoring of metals pollution and the consumption of the fishes of River Rima (Kwalkwalawa) is recommended with a view to minimizing the risk of health of the population that depend on the river for their fish supply

Assessment of river plan changes in Terengganu River using RS and GIS method

River is one of the most multifarious regular systems. The database can help in the appropriate understanding of river plan change and know the stand of Terengganu River, Malaysia. The data collected from Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) database. Analysis of Types of Lateral Activity (TYLAT) techniques and Modes of Meander Movement (MOME) method utilized to identify the advancement of the river arrange changes.  Satellite images of 2010 and 2015 used in the study were sourced from USGS web. TYLAT was suitable in analyzing the advancement of the waterways plan changes where the river is an extensive and width river. The method for examination of MOME is more appropriate to be used in smaller categories of the river as for upper, middle and down ranges of the river. The result proved the recognition of features or classification of the main stream of Terengganu River.Keywords: river plan changes; remote sensing; geographic information system; types of lateral activity; modes of meander movemen