Development оF Combined Method for Predicting the Process of the Occurrence of Emergencies of Natural Character

We developed a combined method for forecasting of the process of occurrence of emergency situations of a natural character. In contrast with other methods, it makes it possible to perform a complex forecasting of emergency situations, both in general and by types, taking into consideration trends of periodic changes in the process. We considered a number of emergencies for a certain period of time as a generalized parameter of the process. Taking into consideration an influence impact of all destabilizing factors, we should present the process in the form of an additive mixture of systematic, periodic, and random components. The systematic component is a polynomial of some degree. We performed detection and assessment of the periodic component based on the statistical criterion, which subordinates to the chi-square distribution. We used the method of group consideration of arguments to forecast the random component. We should carry out forecasting of emergency situations by type by the probabilistic-statistical method of forecasting.The need to develop a combined forecasting method appears is due to that the existing methods for forecasting of emergency situations focus mainly on forecasting of certain types of emergency situations. Existing methods do not solve the problem of complex forecasting of emergency situations. We should also note that the presence of periodic components of an arbitrary form is characteristic for the process of occurrence of natural emergencies. Consideration of such components in the forecasting of emergency situations makes analysis of the processes of occurrence and development of emergency situations deeper.In the process of experimental studies, we found that the use of the combined method makes it possible to perform forecasting of emergency situations at least a year ahead with a relative forecast error of no more than three percent.The combined method combines the regression analysis method, the method of verification of statistical hypotheses and the method of group consideration of argument. This proves usefulness and expedience of the method. That makes it possible to compensate disadvantages of some methods using other methods, which would lead to the improvement of forecast accurac

Development of Organizational and Technical Methods for Predicting Emergency Situations and Possible Losses as Their Results

Emergency prevention is based on analysis, forecasting and early response to emergencies. A systematic approach to solving the problem of preventing emergencies envisages forecasting emergencies by type, level and possible losses caused as a their results both in the state as a whole and in its regions. To implement a systematic approach based on a formalized mathematical model, an organizational and technical method has been developed for predicting emergencies and possible losses caused as their results. The method is a combination of a variable order polynomial regression method, a weighted least squares method, and a probabilistic statistical method. This allows to compensate for the shortcomings of some at the expense of others, which will lead to an increase in forecasting accuracy. A control algorithm has been developed for the implementation of an organizational and technical method for predicting emergency situations and possible losses caused as their results. Its use involves the implementation of a number of interrelated procedures. At the first stage, the collection, processing and analysis of information on emergency situations in the country for a certain period of monitoring is carried out. This is the basis for predicting the processes of emergencies in general, in nature, level and types, as well as losses due to them both in the state and its regions. The information received is taken into account when forming a decision on the actions of civil protection units in order to adequately respond to emergency situations and eliminate their consequences. Based on the analysis of the effectiveness of the actions of the response units, the decisions on the elimination of emergency situations are adjusted. The developed method makes it possible to reasonably approach the planning and implementation of organizational and technical measures to prevent emergency situations, taking into account the potential threats to the territories and population of the country's region