Conformal Invariance of the D-Particle Effective Action

It is shown that the effective theory of D-particles has conformal symmetry with field-dependent parameters. This is a consequence of the supersymmetry. The string coupling constant is not transformed in contrast with the recent proposal of generalized conformal symmtery by Jevicki et al. This conformal symmetry can also be generalized to other Dp-brane systems.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX, typos corrected, one footnote and one note adde

アメリカ文学史へのアプローチ : 作品100選

第1章　植民地時代と清教徒の社会……………………1第2章　アメリカの独立と建国の父祖たち……………7第3章　国民文学の成立…………………………………15第4章　アメリカン・ルネッサンス……………………21第5章　4人の代表的詩人たち…………………………29第6章　南北戦争と文学…………………………………39第7章　リアリズム………………………………………45第8章　自然主義…………………………………………53第9章　中西部の作家たち………………………………61第10章　失われた世代の作家たちとモダニズム……67第11章　南部の作家たち………………………………75第12章　1930年代の小説………………………………81第13章　第二次世界大戦後の文学……………………87第14章　ポストモダニズム……………………………95第15章　ユダヤ系作家たち……………………………105第16章　アフロ・アメリカン文学……………………113第17章　女性作家たち…………………………………123第18章　ネイテイヴ・アメリカン文学………………139第19章　アメリカ演劇…………………………………143第20章　現代アメリカ詩………………………………15

Non-thermal cytocidal effect of infrared irradiation on cultured cancer cells using specialized device

The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.comAs infrared penetrates the skin, thermal effects of infrared irradiation on cancer cells have been investigated in the field of hyperthermia. We evaluated non-thermal effects of infrared irradiation using a specialized device (1100-18000 nm with filtering of wavelengths between 1400 and 1500 nm and contact cooling) on cancer cells. In in vitro study, five kinds of cultured cancer cell lines (MCF7 breast cancer, HeLa uterine cervical cancer, NUGC-4 gastric cancer, B16F0 melanoma, and MDA-MB435 melanoma) were irradiated using the infrared device, and then the cell proliferation activity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay. Proliferation of all the cancer cell lines was significantly suppressed by infrared irradiation. Total infrared output appeared to be correlated with cell survival. Increased temperature during infrared irradiation appeared not to play a role in cell survival. The maximum temperature elevation in the wells after each shot in the 20 and 40 J/cm2 culture was 3.8 degrees C and 6.9 degrees C, respectively. In addition, we have shown that infrared irradiation significantly inhibited the tumor growth of MCF7 breast cancer transplanted in severe combined immunodeficiency mice and MDA-MB435 melanoma transplanted in nude mice in vivo. Significant differences between control and irradiated groups were observed in tumor volume and frequencies of TUNEL-positive and Ki-67-positive cells. These results indicate that infrared, independent of thermal energy, can induce cell killing of cancer cells. As this infrared irradiation schedule reduces discomfort and side effects, reaches the deep subcutaneous tissues, and facilitates repeated irradiations, it may have potential as an application for treating various forms of cancer.ArticleCANCER SCIENCE. 101(6):1396-1402 (2010)journal articl