Pain experienced by neonates on the NICUs: A survey of nurses' perception and actual nursing care

本研究の目的は、新生児看護に従事する看護婦の新生児の痛みに対する認識や看護実践状況を調査し,今後の課題を明らかにすることである.質問内容は,痛みに対する考え方,痛みを伴う処置,痛みのサイン,痛みへの介入とし,構成型質問紙を553人の新生児看護婦に配布し,260人から有効回答を得た(回収率47%).その結果,1)「新生児は日齢が少ないほうが痛みを感じない」との回答が約9割を占めた;2) ……新生児の痛みの看護を発展させ,新生児を痛みから解放するためには,次の3点が重要な課題と考えられた:1)痛みの観察指標,特に行動学的指標を開発する;2)痛みの緩和法を再評価し,効果的な介入を行なう;薬理学的介入の開発に看護者も取り組む.The purpose of this survey was to explore nurses' perception and practices with regard to assessment and management of pain in neonates. A survey questionnaire comprised of fixed-alternative items was developed. The questions asked were the following:1) beliefs regarding pain, 2) painful treatment, 3) clinical signs used to assess pain, and 4) interventions used for pain. A questionnaire was distributed to 553 neonatal nurses and 260 responses (47%) were analyzed.The results were as follows:1) 224 nurses (90%) believed that younger neonates will not respond more sensitively to painful stimuli than older.2) ……Nurses need appropriate methods for assessing pain of critically ill neonates. These infants often cannot demonstrate behavioral signs of pain, and physiologic signs are difficult to interpret because of immaturity of the autonomic nervous system. Comfort measures having been used by nurses may be ineffective for relieving severe pain. Guidelines of pain medication need also need to be developed for neonates

P1 gene of Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolated from 2016 to 2019 and relationship between genotyping and macrolide resistance in Hokkaido, Japan

We characterized 515 Mycoplasma pneumoniae specimens in Hokkaido. In 2013 and 2014, the p1 gene type 1 strain, mostly macrolide-resistant, was dominant and the prevalence of macrolide resistance was over 50 %. After 2017, the p1 gene type 2 lineage, mostly macrolide-sensitive, increased and the prevalence of macrolide resistance became 31.0 % in 2017, 5.3 % in 2018 and 16.3 % in 2019

Hokuriku-plus familial hypercholesterolaemia registry study: rationale and study design

Introduction Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is an autosomal-dominant inherited genetic disease. It carries an extremely high cardiovascular risk associated with significantly elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The diagnostic rate of this disease in some European nations is quite high, due to the presence of multiple prospective registries. On the other hand, few data—and in particular multicentre data—exist regarding this issue among Japanese subjects. Therefore, this study intends to assemble a multicentre registry that aims to comprehensively assess cardiovascular risk among Japanese FH patients while taking into account their genetic backgrounds.Methods and analysis The Hokuriku-plus FH registry is a prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study, enrolling consecutive FH patients who fulfil the clinical criteria of FH in Japan from 37 participating hospitals mostly in Hokuriku region of Japan from April 2020 to March 2024. A total of 1000 patients will be enrolled into the study, and we plan to follow-up participants over 5 years. We will collect clinical parameters, including lipids, physical findings, genetic backgrounds and clinical events covering atherosclerotic and other important events, such as malignancies. The primary endpoint of this study is new atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events. The secondary endpoints are as follows: LDL cholesterol, secondary ASCVD events and the occurrence of other diseases including hypertension, diabetes and malignancies.Ethics and dissemination This study is being conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects, and all other applicable laws and guidelines in Japan. This study protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Board at Kanazawa University. We will disseminate the final results at international conferences and in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration number UMIN000038210