Estimation of springback of stainless steel sheet part taking influence of anisotropic property of plastic-deformation-dependent young's modulus into account

A kinematic hardening model proposed by Yoshida and Uemori (Y-U model) was applied to the prediction of springback of stainless steel sheet part. From the experiments for the determination of the material constants, an anisotropic property of change in Young’s modulus was observed; namely, the anisotropy was different at 0°, 45° and 90° from the rolling direction. The Y-U model for the stainless steel sheet was used to a calculation of a forming process of a part to examine the accuracy of the prediction of the springback by compar-ing the calculated result with the actual part formed. In order to consider the anisotropic property of change in Young’s modulus, the calculated result to the actual part formed. In order to consider the anisotropic property of the change in Young’s modulus, the calculations were performed using the different material constants at 0°, 45° and 90° from the rolling direction. With the material constants at 90° from the rolling direction, which was the direction of springback of the part, the prediction accuracy can be improved. Therefore, the consideration of the anisotropic property of the change in Young’s modulus was found to be effective for more accurate prediction of the springback of the stainless steel part

Size, Internationalization and University Rankings: Evaluating Times Higher Education (THE) Data for Japan

International and domestic rankings of academics, academic departments, faculties, schools and colleges, institutions of higher learning, states, regions and countries, are of academic and practical interest and importance to students, parents, academics, and private and public institutions. International and domestic rankings are typically based on arbitrary methodologies and criteria. Evaluating how the rankings might be sensitive to different factors, as well as forecasting how they might change over time, requires a statistical analysis of the factors that affect the rankings. Accurate data on rankings and the associated factors is essential for a valid statistical analysis. In this respect, the Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings is one of the three leading and most influential annual sources of international university rankings. Using recently released data for a single country, namely Japan, the paper evaluates the effects of size (specifically, the number of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) students, or FTE(Size)) and internationalization (specifically, the percentage of international students, or IntStud) on academic rankings using THE data for 2017 and 2018 on 258 national, public (that is, prefectural or city), and private universities. The results show that both size and internationalization are statistically significant in explaining rankings for all universities, as well as separately for private and non-private (that is, national and public) universities, in Japan for each of 2017 and 2018

Epidemiological studies on stomach cancer mortality and its correlation with dietary factor in Japan

The aim of this study is to assess the effects of dietary factors on the death from stomach cancer in Japan. We analyzed the correlation between socioeconomic factors and age-adjusted death rate (ADR) from stomach cancer for every five year and that between mean intake of food or nutrient during two periods (former period : 1966-1970, latter period : 1976-1980) and the reduction rate in ADR from stomach cancer for two periods (former period : 1966-1980, latter period : 1976-1990). Moreover, principal component analyses of food intake for two periods were performed to examine the changes in the structure of food intake and its correlation with the reduction rate in ADR from stomach cancer. There were significant positive correlations between the reduction rate in ADR from stomach cancer and some socioeconomic factors (total expense for food, consumpion of alcoholic beverages and consumption of salted and dried fish). There were significant negative correlations between ADR from stomach cancer and several food or nutrient intakes (wheat and egg intake for former period, milk and animal fat intake for latter period) (p<0.01). The reduction rate in ADR from stomach cancer were greater in districts where these food or nutrient intakes were larger. On the other hand, there were positive correlations between the reduction rate in ADR from stomach cancer and some food or nutrient intakes (rice intake for former period, beans intake and the P/S ratio for latter period) (p<0.05). The reduction rate in ADR from stomach cancer were smaller in districts where these food or nutrient intakes were larger. Principal component analyses revealed that the intakes of foods used in traditional Japanese diet were identified as first principal component for both former and latter periods. As second principal component, food intakes related to the Western diet were identified. During the former period, the reduction rate in ADR from stomach cancer had a significant positive correlation with the fist principal component (p<0.05). On the other hand, during the latter period, a significant negative correlation was obtained between the reduction rate in ADR from stomach cancer and the second principal component. These results indicate that westernization of the Japanese style diet, while preserving its major traditional features, is related to both the reduction and regional differences in deaths rate from stomach cancer in Japan

Optimal Privatization Policy in a Mixed Eco-Industry in the Presence of Commitments on Abatement Technologies

We formulate the vertical market structure with a downstream polluting industry and an upstream eco-industry, where both private and public eco-firms produce abatement goods. We then investigate the voluntary commitments on target emissions from polluting firms and their impacts on the optimal decisions of privatization policies. We provide the conditions for the non-optimality of partial privatization and show that, depending on the environmental damage, full nationalization, full privatization or partial privatization can be optimal. In particular, it is shown that there is a U-shaped relationship between environmental damage and the optimal degree of privatization. It supports that government should have large ownership of privatized eco-firms for environmental protection when environmental damage is serious

Optimal Privatization Policy in a Mixed Eco-Industry in the Presence of Commitments on Abatement Technologies

We formulate the vertical market structure with a downstream polluting industry and an upstream eco-industry, where both private and public eco-firms produce abatement goods. We then investigate the voluntary commitments on target emissions from polluting firms and their impacts on the optimal decisions of privatization policies. We provide the conditions for the non-optimality of partial privatization and show that, depending on the environmental damage, full nationalization, full privatization or partial privatization can be optimal. In particular, it is shown that there is a U-shaped relationship between environmental damage and the optimal degree of privatization. It supports that government should have large ownership of privatized eco-firms for environmental protection when environmental damage is serious

Size, Internationalization and University Rankings: Evaluating Times Higher Education (THE) Data for Japan

International and domestic rankings of academics, academic departments, faculties, schools and colleges, institutions of higher learning, states, regions and countries, are of academic and practical interest and importance to students, parents, academics, and private and public institutions. International and domestic rankings are typically based on arbitrary methodologies and criteria. Evaluating how the rankings might be sensitive to different factors, as well as forecasting how they might change over time, requires a statistical analysis of the factors that affect the rankings. Accurate data on rankings and the associated factors is essential for a valid statistical analysis. In this respect, the Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings is one of the three leading and most influential annual sources of international university rankings. Using recently released data for a single country, namely Japan, the paper evaluates the effects of size (specifically, the number of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) students, or FTE(Size)) and internationalization (specifically, the percentage of international students, or IntStud) on academic rankings using THE data for 2017 and 2018 on 258 national, public (that is, prefectural or city), and private universities. The results show that both size and internationalization are statistically significant in explaining rankings for all universities, as well as separately for private and non-private (that is, national and public) universities, in Japan for each of 2017 and 2018

Size, Internationalization and University Rankings: Evaluating and Predicting Times Higher Education (THE) Data for Japan

International and domestic rankings of academics, academic departments, faculties, schools and colleges, institutions of higher learning, states, regions and countries, are of academic and practical interest and importance to students, parents, academics, and private and public institutions. International and domestic rankings are typically based on arbitrary methodologies and criteria. Evaluating how the rankings might be sensitive to different factors, as well as forecasting how they might change over time, requires a statistical analysis of the factors that affect the rankings. Accurate data on rankings and the associated factors is essential for a valid statistical analysis. In this respect, the Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings is one of the three leading and most influential annual sources of international university rankings. Using recently released data for a single country, namely Japan, the paper evaluates the effects of size (specifically, the number of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) students, or FTE(Size)) and internationalization (specifically, the percentage of international students, or IntStud) on academic rankings using THE data for 2017 and 2018 on 258 national, public (that is, prefectural or city), and private universities. The results show that both size and internationalization are statistically significant in explaining rankings for all universities, as well as separately for private and non-private (that is, national and public) universities, in Japan for each of 2017 and 201