2,221 research outputs found
Experimental Test of a New Equality: Measuring Heat Dissipation in an Optically Driven Colloidal System
Measurement of energy dissipation in small nonequilibrium systems is
generally a difficult task. Recently, Harada and Sasa [Phys.Rev.Lett. 95,
130602(2005)] derived an equality relating the energy dissipation rate to
experimentally accessible quantities in nonequilibrium steady states described
by the Langevin equation. Here, we show the first experimental test of this new
relation in an optically driven colloidal system. We find that this equality is
validated to a fairly good extent, thus the irreversible work of a small system
is estimated from readily obtainable quantities.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure
High Power Gamma-Ray Flash Generation in Ultra Intense Laser-Plasma Interaction
When high-intensity laser interaction with matter enters the regime of
dominated radiation reaction, the radiation losses open the way for producing
short pulse high power gamma ray flashes. The gamma-ray pulse duration and
divergence are determined by the laser pulse amplitude and by the plasma target
density scale length. On the basis of theoretical analysis and particle-in-cell
simulations with the radiation friction force incorporated, optimal conditions
for generating a gamma-ray flash with a tailored overcritical density target
are found.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures Accepted for publication in Physical Review
Letters (this http://prl.aps.org/
Exchange stiffness proportional to power of magnetization in permalloy co-doped with Mo and Cu
The exchange stiffness of magnetic materials is one of the essential
parameters governing magnetic texture and its dynamics in magnetic devices. The
effect of single-element doping on exchange stiffness has been investigated for
several doping elements for permalloy (NiFe alloy), a soft magnetic material
whose soft magnetic properties can be controlled by doping. However, the impact
of more practical multi-element doping on the exchange stiffness of permalloy
is unknown. This study investigates the typical magnetic properties, including
exchange stiffness, of permalloy systematically co-doped with Mo and Cu using
broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy. We find that the exchange
stiffness, which decreases with increasing doping levels, is proportional to a
power of magnetization, which also decreases with increasing doping levels. The
magnetization, , dependence of the exchange stiffness constant, ,
of all the investigated samples, irrespective of the doping levels of each
element, lies on a single curve expressed as with
exponent close to 2. This empirical power-law relationship provides a
guideline for predicting unknown exchange stiffness in non-magnetic
element-doped permalloy systems
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