Energy from Domestic Wastewater and Recovering the Potential Energy of Sewage Sludge

This paper gives a concept overview of energy from sludge in term of anaerobic digestion method. Wastewater is grossly undervalued as a resource of energy. The sludge production is a function of the wastewater treatment system used for liquid phase. In principal, all the biological treatment process generate sludge. Nevertheless, waste and wastewater treatment have been a neglected problem in Afghanistan, where 80 % of our energy importing from neighborhood countries. As world going toward renewable energy, sewage treatment plants can retrieve valuable resources such as water, green energy and fertilizers. Developing and implementing renewable energy systems such as biogas from anaerobic digestion (AD), based on national and regional biomass resources, will increase security of national energy supply and diminish dependency on imported electricity and gases. In Afghanistan there is a lot of opportunities to capture affordable energy and heat from biomass and biogas and it enable every individual households to generate their own energy demand, but unfortunately people don not aware about this valuable resource and it is utilization. So in this study struggled to provide basic information about the value of waste and biomass and then promulgate to local people and governments to consider on their financing institutions operating in the future. Therefore, the objective of this study focused on the concept of resource efficiency in sewerage sludge to convert into green energy. The methodology was based on anaerobic process which is widely used for treatment of municipal waste sludge and has excellent potential for treatment of many industrial waste; and the design criteria are based on a volumetric organic load (kgBOD/m3·d). In particular, calculation and simulation results from treated flow of 2000 m3/d, resulting from amount of yielding gas is 109 m3/d which is huge amount of capturing energy at small treatment plant. In consequence, the production of energy from sewage sludge through anaerobic digestion has been able to effectively offset energy demand for wastewater treatment plant and methane is a useful end product. Developing source of clean, renewable energy will boost local and regional economics strengthen our national energy security as well decrease our energy dependency. Keywords: Domestic Wastewater, Sludge, and green energy

Indoor Environment and Energy Consumption of an Elementary School in a Subtropical Region

Indoor thermal environment and air quality in an elementary school were measured and examined for the basic data of net Zero Energy Buildings (ZEBs) and the adaptation to the impacts of climate change. The target school is located in Okinawa, a subtropical archipelagic region with hot and humid climate in Japan. The school is equipped with air conditioners (ACs) that are sometimes operated without natural ventilation. The measurement results are as follows: (1) The ACs were operated when the daily average air temperature was over 22 C. (2) The ACs in the class rooms were controlled by the teachers individually. The preset temperature was sometimes too low. (3) Direct solar radiation penetrated the class rooms, which increased the heat load. (4) The higher point in the class rooms was the higher temperature when AC was working. (5) The CO2 concentrations in the class rooms were kept under 1000ppm by heat exchange ventilation systems.publishedVersio

Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of DtsR1, a carboxyltransferase subunit of acetyl-CoA carboxylase from Corynebacterium glutamicum

DtsR1, a carboxyltransferase subunit of acetyl-CoA carboxylase from C. glutamicum, was crystallized and phases were obtained by molecular replacement

Indoor Environment and Energy Consumption of an Elementary School in a Subtropical Region

Indoor thermal environment and air quality in an elementary school were measured and examined for the basic data of net Zero Energy Buildings (ZEBs) and the adaptation to the impacts of climate change. The target school is located in Okinawa, a subtropical archipelagic region with hot and humid climate in Japan. The school is equipped with air conditioners (ACs) that are sometimes operated without natural ventilation. The measurement results are as follows: (1) The ACs were operated when the daily average air temperature was over 22 C. (2) The ACs in the class rooms were controlled by the teachers individually. The preset temperature was sometimes too low. (3) Direct solar radiation penetrated the class rooms, which increased the heat load. (4) The higher point in the class rooms was the higher temperature when AC was working. (5) The CO2 concentrations in the class rooms were kept under 1000ppm by heat exchange ventilation systems