294 research outputs found
Transit Time Effect on Voltage Contrast in the Stroboscopic Scanning Electron Microscope
Voltage contrast varies if the specimen voltage changes within the secondary electron transit time through the specimen electric field. This effect would affect the time resolution in stroboscopic scanning electron microscopy. The method to calculate the transit time effect that was described in a previous paper is reviewed. The calculated results agreed well with the experiment in which a specially designed specimen is used to estimate the applied voltage as exactly as possible
Intrinsic Low Temperature Paramagnetism in B-DNA
We present experimental study of magnetization in -DNA in
conjunction with structural measurements. The results show the surprising
interplay between the molecular structures and their magnetic property. In the
B-DNA state, -DNA exhibits paramagnetic behaviour below 20 K that is
non-linear in applied magnetic field whereas in the A-DNA state, remains
diamagnetic down to 2 K. We propose orbital paramagnetism as the origin of the
observed phenomena and discuss its relation to the existence of long range
coherent transport in B-DNA at low temperature.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters October 200
New Analytical Methods for the Surface/ Interface and the Micro-Structures in Advanced Nanocomposite Materials by Synchrotron Radiation
Analytical methods of surface/interface structure and micro-structure in advanced nanocomposite materials by using the synchrotron radiation are introduced. Recent results obtained by the energy-tunable and highly collimated brilliant X-rays, in-situ wide angle/small angle X-ray diffraction with high accuracy are reviewed. It is shown that small angle X-ray scattering is one of the best methods to characterize nanoparticle dispersibility, filler aggregate/agglomerate structures and in-situ observation of hierarchical structure deformation in filled rubber under cyclic stretch. Grazing Incidence(small and wide angle) X-ray Scattering are powerful to analyze the sintering process of metal nanoparticle by in-situ observation as well as the orientation of polymer molecules and crystalline orientation at very thin surface layer (ca 7nm) of polymer film. While the interaction and conformation of adsorbed molecule at interface can be investigated by using high energy X-ray XPS with Enough deep position (ca 9 micron m).Received: 11 October 2010; Revised: 13 December 2010; Accepted: 23 December 201
Noise Measurement of Interacting Ferromagnetic Particles with High Resolution Hall Microprobes
We present our first experimental determination of the magnetic noise of a
superspinglass made of < 1 pico-liter frozen ferrofluid. The measurements were
performed with a local magnetic field sensor based on Hall microprobes operated
with the spinning current technique. The results obtained, though preliminary,
qualitatively agree with the theoretical predictions of Fluctuation-Dissipation
theorem (FDT) violation [1].Comment: 4pages, 2 figure
Non-generality of the Kadowaki-Woods ratio in correlated oxides
An explicit expression for the Kadowaki-Woods ratio in correlated metals is
derived by invoking saturation of the (high-frequency) Fermi-liquid scattering
rate at the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit. Significant deviations observed in a number
of oxides are quantitatively explained due to variations in carrier density,
dimensionality, unit cell volume and the number of individual sheets in the
Brillouin zone. A generic re-scaling of the original Kadowaki-Woods plot is
also presented.Comment: 9 pages of text, 1 table, 2 figure
Growth of a dynamical correlation length in an aging superspin glass
We report on zero field cooled magnetization relaxation experiments on a
concen- trated frozen ferrofluid exhibiting a low temperature superspin glass
transition. With a method initially developed for spin glasses, we investigate
the field dependence of the relaxations that take place after different aging
times. We extract the typical number of correlated spins involved in the aging
dynamics. This brings important insights into the dynamical correlation length
and its time growth. Our results, consistent with expressions obtained for spin
glasses, extend the generality of these behaviours to the class of superspin
glasses. Since the typical flipping time is much larger for superspins than for
atomic spins, our experiments probe a time regime much closer to that of
numerical simulations
Superspin glass aging behavior in textured and nontextured frozen ferrofluid
The effect of magnetic anisotropy-axis alignment of individual nanoparticles
on the collective aging behavior in the superspin glass state of a frozen
ferrofluid has been investigated. The ferrofluid studied here consists of
maghemite nanoparticles (\gamma-Fe2O3, mean diameter = 8.6 nm) dispersed in
glycerin at a volume fraction of ~15%. The low temperature aging behavior has
been explored through 'zero-field cooled magnetization' (ZFCM) relaxation
measurements using SQUID magnetometry. The ZFCM response functions were found
to scale with effective age of the system in both textured and non-textured
superspin glass states, but with markedly different scaling exponents, \mu. The
value of {\mu} was found to shift from ~0.9 in non-textured case to ~ 0.6 in
the textured case, despite the identical cooling protocol used in both
experiments
Effect of controlled disorder on quasiparticle thermal transport in BiSrCaCuO
Low temperature thermal conductivity, , of optimally-doped Bi2212 was
studied before and after the introduction of point defects by electron
irradiation. The amplitude of the linear component of remains
unchanged, confirming the universal nature of heat transport by zero-energy
quasiparticles. The induced decrease in the absolute value of at
finite temperatures allows us to resolve a nonuniversal term in due to
conduction by finite-energy quasiparticles. The magnitude of this term provides
an estimate of the quasiparticle lifetime at subkelvin temperatures.Comment: 5 pages including 2 .eps figuer
Small-polaron hopping conductivity in bilayer manganite LaSrMnO
We report anisotropic resistivity measurements on a
LaSrMnO single crystal over a temperature range
from 2 to 400 K and in magnetic fields up to 14 T. For K, the
temperature dependence of the zero-field in-plane resistivity
obeys the adiabatic small polaron hopping mechanism, while the out-of-plane
resistivity can be ascribed by an Arrhenius law with the same
activation energy. Considering the magnetic character of the polarons and the
close correlation between the resistivity and magnetization, we developed a
model which allows the determination of . The excellent
agreement of the calculations with the measurements indicates that small
polarons play an essential role in the electrical transport properties in the
paramagnetic phase of bilayer manganites.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Physical Review
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