膵ソマトスタチン分泌に与える成長ホルモンの効果に関する研究

金沢大学医学部研究課題/領域番号:X00095----467406研究期間(年度):1979出典：「膵ソマトスタチン分泌に与える成長ホルモンの効果に関する研究」研究成果報告書　課題番号X00095----467406（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-X00095----467406/）を加工して作

迷走神経による血中消化管ホルモン認識：ENTEROGASTRONE機構の機序

金沢大学医学部膵・消化管ホルモンは,門脈中に放出され一度肝を通過して後、標的器官に作用すると考えられている.しかし我々は膵・消化管ホルモンが肝・門脈領域において迷走神経肝臓枝により感知され,この求心性情報存在が中枢神経系に伝達され,さらに遠心性情報となって腹部内臓機能を制御する機構の存在につき検討を加えてきた.事実脳腸ホルモンの一つであるsomatostatin(SS)が門脈内に出現すると,迷走神経肝枝の求心活動が増加すること,また免疫組織学的に肝内門脈内皮直下にSSを選択的に捉える神経小体が存在しその中には求心性神経線維があることを見いだした.このことは,SS受容体を発現する迷走神経終末により門脈血中SSレベルがモニターされていることを示す新しい知見である。そこで本年度は,胃より分泌されるSSがSS受容体を発現する神経終末にて認識されるか否かにつき,胃静脈系にのみSSを投与し迷走神経胃枝の求心性電気活動を,さらに同神経の遠心性活動の変動を検討した.その結果は以下のごとくである.1,Wistar系ラットを用い麻酔下に実態顕微鏡下に迷走神経胃枝(腹側)を同定分離し,既報の方法で同神経のin situにおける求心性電気活動を連続測定した.SSを胃大わん側静脈系に,SSの胃局所の生理的変動範囲の濃度になるように局所注入したところ,求心性電気活動は有意に増加した.2,胃静脈系SS投与が胃迷走神経遠心性電気活動に与える影響については現在検討中である.研究課題/領域番号:08670573, 研究期間(年度):1996 – 1997出典：研究課題「迷走神経による血中消化管ホルモン認識：ENTEROGASTRONE機構の機序」課題番号08670573（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08670573/）を加工して作

Nesfatin-1 evokes Ca2+ signaling in isolated vagal afferent neurons via Ca2+ influx through N-type channels

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系Nesfatin-1, processed from nucleobindin 2, is an anorexigenic peptide expressed in the brain and several peripheral tissues including the stomach and pancreas. Peripheral, as well as intracerebroventricular, administration of nesfatin-1 suppresses feeding behavior, though underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we examined effects of nesfatin-1 on cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the neurons isolated from the vagal afferent nodose ganglion of mice. Nesfatin-1 at 10-10-10-8 M increased [Ca2+]i in the isolated neurons in a concentration-dependent manner, and at 10-8 M it increased [Ca2+]i in 33 out of 263 (12.5%) neurons. These responses were inhibited under Ca2+-free conditions and by N-type Ca2+ channel blocker, ω-conotoxin GVIA. All the nesfatin-1-responsive neurons also exhibited [Ca2+]i responses to capsaicin and cholecystokinin-8. These results provide direct evidence that nesfatin-1 activates vagal afferent neurons by stimulating Ca2+ influx through N-type channels, demonstrating the machinery through which peripheral nesfatin-1 can convey signals to the brain. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

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Status Report of Neutral Kaon photo-production study using Neutral Kaon Spectrometer 2 (NKS2) at LNS-Tohoku(I. Nuclear Physics)

The approach described in this paper uses an array of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices to implement a fault tolerant hardware system that can be compared to the running of fault tolerant software on a traditional processor. Fault tolerance is achieved is achieved by using FPGA with on the fly partial programmability feature. Major considerations while mapping to the FPGA includes the size of the area to be mapped and communication issues related to their communication. Area size selection is compared to the page size selection in Operating System Design. Communication issues between modules are compared to the software engineering paradigms dealing with module coupling, fan-in, fan-out and cohesiveness. Finally, the overhead associated with the downloading of the reconfiguration files is discussed

Effects of inorganic mercury and methylmercury on osteoclasts and osteoblasts in the scales of the marine teleost as a model system of bone

To evaluate the effects of inorganic mercury (InHg) and methylmercury (MeHg) on bone metabolism in a marine teleost, the activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as indicators of such activity in osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively, were examined in scales of nibbler fish (Girella punctata). We found several lines of scales with nearly the same TRAP and ALP activity levels. Using these scales, we evaluated the influence of InHg and MeHg. TRAP activity in the scales treated with InHg (10-5 and 10-4 M) and MeHg (10-6 to 10-4 M) during 6 hrs of incubation decreased significantly. In contrast, ALP activity decreased after exposure to InHg (10-5 and 10-4 M) and MeHg (10-6 to 10-4 M) for 18 and 36 hrs, although its activity did not change after 6 hrs of incubation. As in enzyme activity 6 hrs after incubation, mRNA expression of TRAP (osteoclastic marker) decreased significantly with InHg and MeHg treatment, while that of collagen (osteoblastic marker) did not change significantly. At 6 hrs after incubation, the mRNA expression of metallothionein, which is a metal-binding protein in osteoblasts, was significantly increased following treatment with InHg or MeHg, suggesting that it may be involved in the protection of osteoblasts against mercury exposure up to 6 hrs after incubation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the effects of mercury on osteoclasts and osteoblasts using marine teleost scale as a model system of bone. © 2014 Zoological Society of Japan