The effect of apple cider vinegar on lipid profiles and glycemic parameters:a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Abstract Background Elevated lipid profiles and impaired glucose homeostasis are risk factors for several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which, subsequently, represent a leading cause of early mortality, worldwide. The aim of the current study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of apple cider vinegar (ACV) on lipid profiles and glycemic parameters in adults. Methods A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases, including Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Knowledge, from database inception to January 2020. All clinical trials which investigated the effect of ACV on lipid profiles and glycemic indicators were included. Studies were excluded if ACV was used in combination with other interventions or when the duration of intervention was  8-weeks, respectively. Furthermore, ACV consumption significantly decreased FPG levels in a subgroup of studies that administered ACV for > 8-weeks. Further, ACV intake appeared to elicit an increase in FPG and HDL-C concentrations in apparently healthy participants. Conclusion We found a significant favorable effect of ACV consumption on FPG and blood lipid levels

The effect of spirulina on type 2 diabetes:a systematic review and meta-analysis

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of spirulina on lipid profiles and glycemic related markers in type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to August 2020. All clinical trials which investigated the effect of spirulina supplementation on glycemic related markers and lipid profile among type 2 diabetes patients were included. Random effects modeling was utilized for pooling analysis to compensate for the between-study heterogeneity. RESULTS: Eight studies (9 arms) were included in the meta-analysis. We found a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose (−17.88 mg/dl; 95% CI: −26.99, −8.78; I(2): 25%), triglyceride (−30.99 mg/dl; 95% CI: −45.20, −16.77; I(2): 50%), total-cholesterol (−18.47 mg/dl; 95% CI: −33.54, −3.39; I(2): 73%), LDL-C (−20.04 mg/dl; 95% CI: −34.06, −6.02; I(2): 75%), VLDL (−6.96 mg/dl; 95% CI: −9.71, −4.22; I(2): 33%), in addition to a significant increase in HDL-C (−6.96 mg/dl; 95% CI: −9.71, −4.22; I(2): 33%), after spirulina administration. No significant effect was observed on HbA1C or post prandial blood sugar following spirulina consumption. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that spirulina supplementation can elicit beneficial effects on fasting blood glucose and blood lipid profiles. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-021-00760-z