Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the upper cretaceous-cenozoic central anatolian basins: An integrated study of diachronous ocean basin closure and continental collision

The Upper Cretaceous-Mid-Eocene Kirikkale, Tuz Gölü, Haymana and ç ankiri basins are bounded by the Pontide (Eurasian) continental margin to the north, the Nig`de-Kirşehir microcontinent to the east and the Tauride-Anatolide continental unit to the south. The basins developed during northward subduction/collision of theÌzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Ocean ('northern Neotethys') in the north and the inferred Inner Tauride Ocean in the south. Subduction of the Ìzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Ocean resulted in latest Cretaceous collisionof the Nig`de-Kirşehir microcontinent with the Pontide active margin and ophiolite emplacement. Some mid-ocean ridge-type oceanic crust remained to the SW and formed the basement of the Kirikkale and Tuz Gölü basins. These basins are partially floored by an accretionary wedge to the west and by the Nig`de-Kirşehir microcontinent to the east. Locally volcaniclastic, the sediment infill switched to terrigenous after latest Cretaceous. The Haymana Basin, further NW, developed as a forearc basin on the Mesozoic accretionary wedge and Pontide continental fragments. The çankiri Basin also developed on an accretionary wedge, bounded by the Eurasian active margin to the north. An extensional setting prevailed during the latest Cretaceous related to subduction of remnant oceanic crust, followed by a switch to regional compression during Late Paleocene-Mid Eocene progressive and diachronous collision. © The Geological Society of London 2013

Experimental liquidus in the PbO-ZnO-"Fe2O3"-(CaO+SiO2) system in air, with CaO/SiO2=0.35 and PbO/(CaO+SiO2)=3.2

Experimental studies on phase equilibria in the multicomponent system PbO-ZnO-CaO-SiO2-FeO-Fe2O3 in air have been conducted to characterize the phase relations of a complex slag system used in lead and zinc smelting. The liquidus in the pseudoternary section ZnO-"Fe2O3"-(PbO + CaO + SiO2) with a CaO/SiO2 weight ratio of 0.35 and a PbO/(CaO + SiO2) weight ratio of 3.2 has been constructed to describe liquidus temperatures as a function of composition in the range of commercial operating conditions employed by the Lead Isasmelt smelting process. The section contains the primary phase fields of spinel (zinc ferrite, ZnxFe3-xO4+z), zincite (ZnuFe1-uO), melilite (PbvCa2-vZnwFe1-wSi2O7), hematite (Fe2O3), magnetoplumbite (PbFe10O16), and wollastonite (CaSiO3)