GC-MS ANALYSIS OF METHANOLIC STEM EXTRACT OF GYNOCHTHODES RIDSDALEI, RAZAFIM AND B. BREMER, AN ENDEMIC, ENDANGERED MEDICINAL PLANT OF SOUTHERN WESTERN GHATS

Objective: The present research study was undertaken to determine the presence of bioactive components present in the methanolic stem extract of Gynochthodes ridsdalei using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.Methods: the Fresh stem of Gynochthodes ridsdalei collected from the forest areas of Ponmudi region of Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala state, India was used. The mass spectrum GC-MS of the crude methanolic extract was estimated using the database of National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST).Results: The active principles with their retention time, peak area, molecular formula, molecular weight, structure and category of the compound were predicted. The analysis revealed the presence of 52 bioactive components. Most of the identified compounds are basically biological important. The components were identified by comparing their retention time and peak area with that of literature and by interpretation of mass spectra. The phyto components screened were of biological importance. Some of them were sterols, anthraquinones, vitamins etcConclusion: The result reveals the existence of various bioactive compounds and validates the earlier reports of therapeutic importance of the plant. Gynochthodes ridsdalei is recommended as a plant of phytochemical and pharmaceutical importanc

GC-MS analysis of root methanolic extract of Gynochthodes ridsdalei Razafim. and B. Bremer, an endemic, endangered species of southern Western Ghats of India

The present investigation was carried out to determine the presence of biologically active components in the root methanolic extract of Gynochthodes ridsdalei using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Fresh root of G. ridsdalei collected from the forest areas of Ponmudi hills of Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala State, India was used for the study. The active principles with their retention time, peak area, molecular weight and molecular formula of the compounds were detected. The analysis revealed the presence of 26 components. The components were identified by comparing their retention time and peak area with that of literature available and by the interpretation of mass spectra

Evaluation of prognostic risk models for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and international external validation cohort study

Background Stratifying risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery allows clinicians to modify risk through targeted interventions and enhanced monitoring. In this study, we aimed to identify and validate prognostic models against a new consensus definition of postoperative pulmonary complications. Methods We did a systematic review and international external validation cohort study. The systematic review was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched MEDLINE and Embase on March 1, 2020, for articles published in English that reported on risk prediction models for postoperative pulmonary complications following abdominal surgery. External validation of existing models was done within a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing major abdominal surgery. Data were collected between Jan 1, 2019, and April 30, 2019, in the UK, Ireland, and Australia. Discriminative ability and prognostic accuracy summary statistics were compared between models for the 30-day postoperative pulmonary complication rate as defined by the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine Core Outcome Measures in Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (StEP-COMPAC). Model performance was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC). Findings In total, we identified 2903 records from our literature search; of which, 2514 (86·6%) unique records were screened, 121 (4·8%) of 2514 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and 29 unique prognostic models were identified. Nine (31·0%) of 29 models had score development reported only, 19 (65·5%) had undergone internal validation, and only four (13·8%) had been externally validated. Data to validate six eligible models were collected in the international external validation cohort study. Data from 11 591 patients were available, with an overall postoperative pulmonary complication rate of 7·8% (n=903). None of the six models showed good discrimination (defined as AUROCC ≥0·70) for identifying postoperative pulmonary complications, with the Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia score showing the best discrimination (AUROCC 0·700 [95% CI 0·683–0·717]). Interpretation In the pre-COVID-19 pandemic data, variability in the risk of pulmonary complications (StEP-COMPAC definition) following major abdominal surgery was poorly described by existing prognostication tools. To improve surgical safety during the COVID-19 pandemic recovery and beyond, novel risk stratification tools are required. Funding British Journal of Surgery Society