A retrospective study of the clinical features of 50 consecutive cases diagnosed to have adenomyosis by histopathology in hysterectomy specimens in a tertiary centre

Background: Adenomyosis is characterised by the presence of ectopic endometrium, both glands and stroma deep in myometrium. Myometrial weakness caused by previous surgery or pregnancies, genetic factors, and tamoxifen use has been proposed as some aetiological factors.Methods: Present study aims to study the clinical profile of patients who have histological evidence of adenomyosis in hysterectomy specimens. The records of consecutive patients who had undergone hysterectomy were analysed.Results: The commonest age group affected is 41-50 years and menorrhagia is the predominant symptom.  The preoperative diagnosis of adenomyosis remains poor at around 8%.Conclusions: The age of onset and clinical features of patients should serve as an index for suspecting adenomyosis

Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among reproductive age group women in a tertiary care centre

Background: Vaginal discharge in reproductive age poses a serious problem in the developing countries. Bacterial vaginosis also known as non-specific vaginitis is the most common cause of vaginal infections, detecting the organism at an early stage and initiating a proper treatment is very difficult in our country due to lack of awareness and proper follow-up. The disease manifests in the form of vaginal discharge with or without itching. It has a strong association with preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes and low birth weight in pregnancy. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among the reproductive age group women, in a tertiary care centre.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 150 women of the reproductive age group in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences over a period of one month October 2018 the diagnosis was made with history and nugents scoring system.Results: Out of the total 150 women enrolled in the study 74 had positive results, 50% of them were of the age group 26-30.Conclusions: The study shows us the high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis

A study on contraceptive use among married women of reproductive age group in a rural area of Tamilnadu, India

Background: India was the first country in the world to formulate the national family planning programme in the year 1952 with the objective of “reducing the birth rate to the extent necessary to stabilize the population at a level consistent with requirement of national economy. The objective of this study was to study contraceptive use among married women of reproductive age group in a rural area of Tamilnadu.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from December 2014 to January 2015 in Sree Mookambika institute of medical Sciences, Kulasekharam among the married women in eligible couples group attending the hospital. Sample size was calculated to be 84. Inclusion criteria: married couple with female in age group of 15 - 45 years and sexually active and having the ability to communicate in local language.Results: The mean age was 30.95 years (SD = 6.421). Formal education was received by 100% women. Majority are Christians (48.8%) followed by Hindu (46.4%) and Muslim (4.8%). Among the respondents (n = 84), 33.7%, 41.7%, 2.4% and 22.6% had parity of 1, 2, 3 or more and none respectively Most of the women (71.4%) belonged to middle class group. 94% of women were aware of sterilization. This study shows a significant association between number of children and contraception usage (p<0.05). As parity increases contraception usage rate increases. Similar association is seen between number of male children and contraception practice (0.006). Also acceptance for permanent method of family planning increased with increasing parity (0.00) and number of male children (0.04).Conclusions: The study reveals good knowledge and favorable attitude of rural couples towards contraception. Contraceptive knowledge and practice was influenced by exposure to family planning messages

A study of obstetric and fetal outcome of placenta previa in scarred and unscarred uterus

Background: This study was conducted to study the maternal and fetal outcome in case of placenta previa in a scarred and unscarred uterus.Methods: This was 10 months’ prospective study conducted in Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Science, Kulasekharam in the year between January 2021 to October 2021, among the cases of placenta previa with scarred and unscarred uterus. During the study period out of 1882 deliveries 20 cases of placenta previa beyond 28 weeks of gestation were reported. These cases were divided into two groups, scarred uterus (group A) and unscarred uterus (group B).Results: Incidence of placenta previa in scarred uterus (A) was higher than in unscarred uterus (B). Postpartum haemorrhage was seen in 25% of cases malpresentation was found in 55% of cases among which 5 cases in scarred group and in 6 cases in unscarred. Caesarean hysterectomy was performed in 1 case in scarred uterus. Neonatal intensive care unit was required for 15% of babies born to mother with placenta previa.Conclusions: The risk of placenta previa increases with increase in number of previous caesarean section, increased parity and advanced maternal age. Postpartum hemorrhage and blood transfusion are not uncommon in both group. Planned management at a tertiary care centre is obligatory. Mode of delivery is by emergency LSCS in case of bleeding per vaginum or elective LSCS

Status of marine fisheries of Kerala

Kerala with a coastline of 590 km is a significant contributor to the total marine fish landings of the country. A picture of the marine fisheries sector in Kerala during the years 2005 and 2010 is presented below (Table 1). With a continental shelf of about 40,000 km2 marine fisheries plays a vital role in the livelihood of the people

Persistent sacrococcygeus ventralis muscle in an adult human pelvic wall: A variation for surgeons to note

Occurrence of abnormal muscles in the pelvic wall is very rare. During a routine dissection of the pelvic wall, an abnormal muscle referred to as sacrococcygeus ventralis was noted in a 65-year-old South Indian cadaver. The fleshy fibers of the muscle were arising from the lateral part of the ventral surface of the sacrum at the level of S3 segment. The muscle passed downwards in front of the S4 and S5 sacral segments, halfway through its course it became tendinous and finally became inserted in the ventral surface of the coccyx. Sacrococcygeus ventralis is a muscle which is well developed in animals where it acts on their tail. In human beings, sacrococcygeus ventralis is seen only during fetal life. A rare case of its persistence in an adult pelvic wall is reported and discussed here

Prenatally Diagnosed Type II Arnold Chiari Malformations-A Rare Congenital Anomaly with Some Unusual Associated Defects

Arnold Chiari malformation (ACM) is one of the common anomalies of the craniovertebral junction involving both the skeletal as well as the neural structures. Among the four types of ACM, type II ACM is considered as commonest. A case of Type II Arnold Chiari malformations; a rare congenital anomaly with some unusual associated defects has been reported here. A 29 year old lady with 21weeks gestation was diagnosed to have a male foetus with type II ACM at antenatal clinic of department of Gynaecology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekaram, Tamil Nadu, India during routine antenatal check-up. Though the commonly observed malformations of type II ACM such as herniation of cerebellar tonsil, spina bifida and hydrocephalous were observed in the present case, it differed from general pattern of type II ACM in presence of a large cyst abutting spina bifida and mild scoliosis

A Rare Case of Huge Unilocular Autoamputated Extra-ovarian Dermoid Cyst

Ovarian dermoid cysts are one of the commonest benign, pelvic tumours. However, presence of dermoid cysts at extra-ovarian locations is very rare. The extra-ovarian dermoid cysts can be of ovarian origin or may also originate from non-ovarian sites like omentum, retroperitoneum, mediastinum, etc. We report one such rare case of extra-ovarian dermoid cyst observed in a 70-year-old postmenopausal woman at department of Gynaecology of our hospital. Her ultrasonographic observations showed a large well defined cystic lesion predominantly in the left adnexa extending into the midline with internal echoes within, which was later confirmed with MRI. Following this, she underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy with vertical midline incision. Intraoperatively, she was found to have a large tumour of 3.25kg (28cm x 26cm x 11cm) with adhesion to the omentum on its anterior upper and posterior aspects. The surface of the oval mass was smooth with few adherent lobules of fat in some areas. Its gross cut section showed a thick walled uniloculated cyst with yellow areas and thick creamy white fluid. Cyst wall had a bony hard area and two balls of hair were also noted in side. The pedicle of the tumour seen to arise from the left side broad ligament close to left ovary. Uterus was atretic with an intramural fibroid. The dermoid appears to be derived from its autoamputation from one of the pelvic organs; probably ovary. It is unique in its size and vastness occupying the major part of the lower half of the abdominal cavity

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Not AvailableKerala with a coastline of 590 km is a significant contributor to the total marine fish landings of the country. A picture of the marine fisheries sector in Kerala during the years 2005 and 2010 is presented below (Table 1). With a continental shelf of about 40,000 km2 marine fisheries plays a vital role in the livelihood of the people.Not Availabl