Augmentation of Experimental Design Using Statistical Power

Hypothesis testing is an integral part in the process of experimental design that is used to identify significant effects in a study. A significant effect is one that is statistically determined to influence the response variable of interest and is based on the results of a hypothesis test. Any hypothesis test is prone to two types of error. When an effect is not significant in reality but the null hypothesis is rejected, then it is called a type I error and specified as α. Conversely, when an effect is significant in reality but we fail to reject the null hypothesis, then a type II error is committed and specified as β. Statistical power of a factor is defined as the probability of not committing a type II error (1- β). This research focuses on increasing the statistical power of a factor by augmenting the experimental design with appropriate runs. In this work, a methodology is proposed to integrate power calculations into the existing design of experiment framework. The research also includes a case study to demonstrate the application of the proposed method to real life problems

Asian Corporate Governance or Corporate Governance in Asia?

Corporate governance has become an important issue for Chinese and Indian firms as they increasingly interact with regulators and investors from developed markets. For instance, tapping into global capital markets to raise funds to finance their domestic and international growth requires firms from China and India to demonstrate strong corporate governance credentials, so that investors do not discount their stock (LaPorta, Lopez-de-Silanes, Shleifer, & Vishny, 2000). The swift action of Chinese and Indian authorities in response to recent corporate scandals – such as the one at Satyam Computers – reveals that even governments in emerging countries such as China and India see the need to promote good corporate governance to ensure the inflow of capital and the outflow of products. Furthermore, understanding corporate governance standards and issues in China and India is also important to executives of foreign multinationals doing business in these two countries

Balancing Hamiltonian and Jeffersonian Contradictions within Organizations

This article describes how institutions get infused with competing logics and analyzes how such competing logics might aid the design of contemporary organizations. It does so by exploring the contrasting views of American founders Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson on the issues they confronted in the years leading up to and after the United States\u27 independence from the British. Their views have had a lasting influence on the character and efficacy of the U.S. government. Although Hamilton and Jefferson contemplated issues related to the governance of the United States, the authors argue that their writings offer insights that can be useful to students of organizational design. They identify four influential ideas from the writings of Hamilton and Jefferson and discuss their implications for organizational design

Introduction to the Special Issue: Towards a Theoretical Understanding of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in India

Over the past few decades, India has become one of the world’s most vibrant economies (Chari & Banalieva, 2015). While the first forty years after India’s independence in 1947 was characterized by a sluggish annual growth rate (of approximately 3%), economic reforms initiated in 1991 have resulted in the GDP growing at a rate of around 6.8% in the last quarter century (Chari & Banalieva, 2015;McCloskey, 2010). Conversely, while the pre-reform institutional environment generally underemphasized and undermined entrepreneurial and innovative activity (Bardhan, 1994; Baumol, Litan, & Schramm, 2009;Sivaraman, 1991), the post-reform period has been characterized by a much wider acceptance of the value of innovation and entrepreneurship. Moreover, many Indian firms and entrepreneurs have emerged as global leaders in information technology (IT) services, auto, steel and generic drug production as well as medical services (Chari & Banalieva, 2015). India’s emergence as a significant player in the global business landscape has been accompanied by a boom in discourse about Indian economy and management, with academics, journalists, consultants and managers alike studying and chronicling these in numerous articles and books (e.g. Das, 2000;Nilekani, 2008; Chandler & Zainulbhai, 2013; Sharma, 2015)—all of these constituting the first draft of this exciting phase in India’s development

Using Bug Reports as a Software Quality Measure

Bugzilla is an online software bug reporting system. It is widely used by both open-source software projects and commercial software companies and has become a major source to study software evolution, software project management, and software quality control. In some research studies, the number of bug reports has been used as an indicator of software quality. This paper examines this representation. We investigate whether the number of bug reports of a specific version of a software product is correlated with its quality. Our study is performed on six branches of three open-source software systems. Our results do not support using the number of bug reports as a quality indicator of a specific version of an evolving software product. Instead, the study reveals that the number of bug reports is in some ways correlated with the time duration between product releases. Finally, the paper suggests using accumulated bug reports as a means to represent the quality of a software branch

The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, by Edith T. Penrose. Oxford: Blackwell, 1959 (Book Review)

[First paragraph] A review (in the pages of this journal) of a book published nearly fifty years ago may appear unusual; not unless the book has become a “classic”. Indeed, many organizational scholars (e.g, Pitelis, 2002) view it as a seminal text for the resource-based view of the firm - arguably one of the dominant theoretical perspectives in strategic management research today

Physics-informed Neural Networks approach to solve the Blasius function

Deep learning techniques with neural networks have been used effectively in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to obtain solutions to nonlinear differential equations. This paper presents a physics-informed neural network (PINN) approach to solve the Blasius function. This method eliminates the process of changing the non-linear differential equation to an initial value problem. Also, it tackles the convergence issue arising in the conventional series solution. It is seen that this method produces results that are at par with the numerical and conventional methods. The solution is extended to the negative axis to show that PINNs capture the singularity of the function at $\eta=-5.69

Amaranthus deflexus L. (Amaranthaceae), a new addition to Indian Flora

Few populations of Amaranthus deflexus L. were observed in Kerala region (SE-India), contributing the first record of this species to the national Flora. A morphological (macro and micro) description of the species, as well as ecological data are given. A note on the phenotypic plasticity exhibited by the taxon is also provided

Characterization of soils of Talaulim watershed, North Goa and their suitability for cashew production

Talaulim watershed, North Goa located between 15º 27' N to 15º 29' N latitude and 73º 53' E to 73º 55' E longitude with an elevation of 2 to 90 m MSL, represents land area typical of West Coast as well as midlands and western foot slopes of Western Ghats, supposed to be ideal for cashew-growing. The climate is humid tropical with mean annual rainfall 2932 mm and temperature 27.3 ºC. A high intensity soil survey (1:5000 scale) was carried out in the watershed to characterize the land and soils. The data generated was used to assess the suitability for growing of cashew in those lands. The climatic characteristics like high rainfall, high mean annual temperature and appreciable dry season favour the growing of the crop. Slope (0-5 %), coarse fragments (0-60 % by volume), soil depth (>75 cm), AWC (> 75 mm/m), pH (5.5-7.5) and high organic carbon (> 0.8 %) are the congenial land qualities for cashew. The survey results revealed that, out of 597 ha surveyed, 133.7 ha (22.4 %) is highly suitable, 287.2 ha (48.1 %) moderately suitable and only 2.0 ha (0.3 %) marginally suitable. The remaining area of 65.7 ha (11.0 %) apart from marshy land (10.8 %), water body (4 %), salt pan (2.6 %) and settlements (0.8 %) is unsuitable. Interspersing cashew in the originally forested, but slightly degraded landscape is viable from soil conservation point of vie