Supersymmetry and Mass Gap in 2+1 Dimensions: A Gauge Invariant Hamiltonian Analysis

A Hamiltonian formulation of Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theories with $0\leq N\leq 4$ supersymmetry in terms of gauge-invariant variables is presented, generalizing earlier work on nonsupersymmetric gauge theories. Special attention is paid to the volume measure of integration (over the gauge orbit space of the fields) which occurs in the inner product for the wave functions and arguments relating it to the renormalization of the Chern-Simons level number and to mass-gaps in the spectrum of the Hamiltonians are presented. The expression for the integration measure is consistent with the absence of mass gap for theories with extended supersymmetry (in the absence of additional matter hypermultiplets and/or Chern-Simons couplings), while for the minimally supersymmetric case, there is a mass-gap, the scale of which is set by a renormalized level number, in agreement with indications from existing literature. The realization of the supersymmetry algebra and the Hamiltonian in terms of the gauge invariant variables is also presented.Comment: 31 pages, References added, typos correcte

Bilateral Pleural Effusions due to Pulmonary Amyloidosis as the Presenting Manifestation of Multiple Myeloma

Multiple Myeloma is a hematologic malignancy of plasma cell origin. Pleural effusion may develop in the setting of myeloma due to various reasons but is extremely uncommon as a presenting symptom. A 69-year-old Caucasian man presented with pleural effusions of undetermined etiology after extensive work up, and multiple failed pleurodesis. Lung biopsy revealed pulmonary amyloidosis and led to the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Patient was started on chemotherapy but died within 6 weeks of his diagnosis due to multiorgan failure. Pulmonary amyloidosis should be suspected as a cause of intractable pleural effusions, even in patient who do not have evidence of lung involvement on imaging studies or typical features of multiple myeloma. Pleural effusions due to amyloidosis are often refractory to treatment, and a high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis and treatment

Severe Degloving Injury with Covid-19 Infection – Successful Outcome and Hard Lessons Learnt

 Here we share an interesting case of severe trauma with tissue loss to nearly half of the back and a lacerated perineum in a Covid-19 positive patient in septic shock. This article highlights our experiences and hard lessons learnt in successful management of this complicated injury. Managing severe trauma is a challenge especially with respiratory failure resulting from Covid-19 infection. The patient reported to the hospital during a very difficult period, when proper medical care was difficult as hospitals and wards were filled with Covid positive patients. Managing patients was difficult especially wearing personal protective equipment round the clock. It’s a challenge when an entire team of surgeon, anesthesiologist, nursing staff and paramedics, rose above their daily call of duty to save the patient for her children. It was a fight against time and an many unknown enemy over three months for the entire team. The challenge to save a middle-aged patient from the claws of death against all odds was really miraculous. It was highly rewarding to see the patient going back to the family with a smile

Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with semitendinosus graft versus peroneus longus tendon graft

Background: Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can be performed using autograft from various sources namely, bone patellar tendon graft, hamstring tendons (semitendinosus, gracilis) or peroneus longus tendon.Methods: A prospective study of 30 patients who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using quadrupled semitendinosus tendon autograft and peroneus longus tendon autograft during the study period.Results: Statistically, there is very little comparable difference between semitendinosus and peroneus longus when used for arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. However, peroneus longus tendon shows superior results when used in patients with grade 3 medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury combined with ACL injury.Conclusions: Our study brings forth the superior efficacy and quality of the double stranded peroneus longus tendon especially in cases associated with complicated injuries involving the medial collateral ligament with a follow up date of about 2 years and as a healthy supplement to other choices of autografts and revision cases

Conceptual framework of a skill-based interactive employee engaging system: in the context of upskilling the present IT organization

Skills form an integral part of an organization for its efficient functioning. This research study investigates mechanisms to actively persuade employees and organizations to change their attitudes and perspectives towards skills through the design and implementation of a skill-based system. The aim of the project is to know if we can create a skill-focused climate in a software organization through a software system proposed by the researcher and if such a system will help in utilizing in-house employees for new opportunities rather than hiring new employees. Feedback was collected on the proposed skill-based system from software professionals and human resource managers through an online survey. Findings reveal that the proposed skill-based system will create a skill-focused climate in a software organization and also help in better utilization of internal employees for new skill requirements rather than directly hiring external employees

Gauge-invariant Variables and Entanglement Entropy

The entanglement entropy (EE) of gauge theories in three spacetime dimensions is analyzed using manifestly gauge-invariant variables defined directly in the continuum. Specifically, we focus on the Maxwell, Maxwell-Chern-Simons (MCS), and nonabelian Yang-Mills theories. Special attention is paid to the analysis of edge modes and their contribution to EE. The contact term is derived without invoking the replica method and its physical origin is traced to the phase space volume measure for the edge modes. The topological contribution to the EE for the MCS case is calculated. For all the abelian cases, the EE presented in this paper agrees with known results in the literature. The EE for the nonabelian theory is computed in a gauge-invariant gaussian approximation, which incoprorates the dynamically generated mass gap. A formulation of the contact term for the nonabelian case is also presented