Effective and efficient network anomaly detection system using machine learning algorithm

Network anomaly detection system enables to monitor computer network that behaves differently from the network protocol and it is many implemented in various domains. Yet, the problem arises where different application domains have different defining anomalies in their environment. These make a difficulty to choose the best algorithms that suit and fulfill the requirements of certain domains and it is not straightforward. Additionally, the issue of centralization that cause fatal destruction of network system when powerful malicious code injects in the system. Therefore, in this paper we want to conduct experiment using supervised Machine Learning (ML) for network anomaly detection system that low communication cost and network bandwidth minimized by using UNSW-NB15 dataset to compare their performance in term of their accuracy (effective) and processing time (efficient) for a classifier to build a model. Supervised machine learning taking account the important features by labelling it from the datasets. The best machine learning algorithm for network dataset is AODE with a comparable accuracy is 97.26% and time taken approximately 7 seconds. Also, distributed algorithm solves the issue of centralization with the accuracy and processing time still a considerable compared to a centralized algorithm even though a little drop of the accuracy and a bit longer time needed

Newton-raphson method to solve systems of non-linear equations in VANET performance optimization

Nowadays, Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) has got more attention from the researchers. The researchers have studied numerous topics of VANET, such as the routing protocols of VANET and the MAC protocols of VANET. The aim of their works is to improve the network performance of VANET, either in terms of energy consumption or packet delivery ratio (PDR) and delay. For this research paper, the main goal is to find the coefficient of a, b and c of three non-linear equations by using a Newton-Raphson method. Those three non-linear equations are derived from a different value of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol's parameters. After that, those three coefficient is then will be used in optimization of the VANET in terms of energy, PDR, and delay

IoT-based automated and contactless shopping cart during pandemic diseases outbreak

Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an alarming disease outbreak that has affected more than 180 countries worldwide. It has caused close to 2.5 million deaths and has infected 114 million of the global population as of February 2021. This unprecedented pandemic, has caused severe socio-economic problems globally, catching many sectors off-guard and in a state of suspended uncertainty. While vaccines are just starting to circulate, there is still a need to practice new social norms, including social distancing during daily activities such as supermarket shopping. As such, contactless technology is critically needed and preferable to minimize physical contact and mitigate virus spread. In this paper, an automated shopping cart is proposed as a potential solution to avoid item scanning at cashiers and long queues at payment counters. This innovation leads to reduced risk of exposure to COVID-19. This is done by integrating a typical shopping trolley with Internet of Things (IoT) technology. A radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is attached to every product and automatically read whenever they are placed in a shopping cart. Payment and weighing processes can be conducted at the trolley itself which reduces direct and prolonged contact with both cashiers and other patrons, and at both checkout queues and weighing counters. This proves to be a critical way to break transmission chains

The effect of meditation on brain relaxation incorporating different physiological activities

Anxiety and depression have become such a widespread illness. It has been affecting people's health which can lead to suicidal tendencies. Studies related to depression and stress with the nervous system had been conducted and showed that slow music could be one of the methods to reduce stress. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is found to have potentials to detect brainwave signal as in real time data as well as history data through Bluetooth wireless communication. All the signals utilized in this paper are obtained from few experiments done, which contains of various physiological activities done by the volunteers. The features of EEG signal then will be extracted using EEG recorder. Based on the experimentation result, it can be observed that different physiological activities will result in different dominant brainwave signal. For sitting at rest, shows alpha wave dominant compared to others. For the second physiological activity which is listening and reciting the zikr, shows delta wave is the most dominant compared to alpha, beta, theta, and gamma and for walking in the park showed presiding in beta wave. As for the benchmarking, all the three physiological activities were compared to know which brainwave is the most ascendant. In addition, this study is a better alternative to the current approaches since it proves that zikr will change a person state of brain to be more relax and calming. Thus, the research will propose a study of the effect of brainwave on brain relaxation in corporation with different physiological activities to help anxiety and stress patient to relax and stay calm

Investigating mobile motion prediction in supporting seamless handover for high speed mobile node

While witnessing the rapid development in the world of wireless communication, it is highly expected that the next generation of wireless network to be quickly adapt with the high Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and demands from mobile wireless users especially in real time and multimedia applications. Mobile IPv6 has been declared to be unsuitable for managing the mobility of end users running such stringent QoS specifications since the resulting latency and packet loss rate during handover are too high. To address the issue, various new and state-of-the-art protocols have been designed and developed, particularly to meet the demand for mobile Internet users. In this paper, we have investigated the effectiveness of mobile motion prediction technique in providing seamless handoff for high speed wireless environment where mobility prediction purpose is to obtain a priori information regarding the next Access Router (AR) the mobile node will move to. It was shown that the prediction information is found to be very helpful in establishing an advance connection with the new AR so that the high handoff latency and packet loss rate can be greatly reduce

The effect of total noise on two-dimension OCDMA codes

In this research, we evaluate the performance of total noise effect on two dimension (2-D) optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) performance systems using 2-D Modified Double Weight MDW under various link parameters. The impact of the multi-access interference (MAI) and other noise effect on the system performance. The 2-D MDW is compared mathematically with other codes which use similar techniques. We analyzed and optimized the data rate and effective receive power. The performance and optimization of MDW code in OCDMA system are reported, the bit error rate (BER) can be significantly improved when the 2-D MDW code desired parameters are selected especially the cross correlation properties. It reduces the MAI in the system compensate BER and phase-induced intensity noise (PIIN) in incoherent OCDMA The analysis permits a thorough understanding of PIIN, shot and thermal noises impact on 2-D MDW OCDMA system performance. PIIN is the main noise factor in the OCDMA network

The effect of total noise on two-dimension OCDMA codes

In this research, we evaluate the performance of total noise effect on two dimension (2-D) optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) performance systems using 2-D Modified Double Weight MDW under various link parameters. The impact of the multi-access interference (MAI) and other noise effect on the system performance. The 2-D MDW is compared mathematically with other codes which use similar techniques. We analyzed and optimized the data rate and effective receive power. The performance and optimization of MDW code in OCDMA system are reported, the bit error rate (BER) can be significantly improved when the 2-D MDW code desired parameters are selected especially the cross correlation properties. It reduces the MAI in the system compensate BER and phase-induced intensity noise (PIIN) in incoherent OCDMA The analysis permits a thorough understanding of PIIN, shot and thermal noises impact on 2-D MDW OCDMA system performance. PIIN is the main noise factor in the OCDMA network

Performance Comparison of Energy Efficient Dynamic Transmission and Static Transmission Power in Static Mobility Node Wireless Ad-Hoc Network

Transmission power optimization in Wireless Ad-Hoc Network is an important thing in order to minimize the energy consumption for effective utilization of the applications like Vehicle Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) applications. If one or more nodes in the wireless Ad-hoc network have little or no energy, then data transmission will be temporarily or permanently interrupted which might create a serious havoc in the Ad-hoc network especially during vital information transferred. This will, in turn, affect the performance of the entire network. Therefore transmission power control is one of the important research topics that needs to be focused in the wireless ad-hoc network in order to ensure effective energy consumption. Recently, we proposed a Dynamic Transmission Power algorithm to maintain network connectivity by adapting node’s transmission power based on the distance between the vehicles in VANET. Our research aims to design a dynamic transmission power that can minimize the rate of energy consumption. Hence, in order to develop the proposed method, prerequisite experiment need to be done. This paper investigates the energy saving efficiency of dynamic and static transmission range in static mobility node wireless ad-hoc network which is prerequisite experiments before further experiment on VANET can be carried on. The simulation results prove that dynamic transmission range gives better energy consumption compared to static transmission range, so it is worth it to carry out the subsequent experiments on VANET

Performance Comparison of Energy Efficient Dynamic Transmission and Static Transmission Power in Static Mobility Node Wireless Ad-Hoc Network

Transmission power optimization in Wireless Ad-Hoc Network is an important thing in order to minimize the energy consumption for effective utilization of the applications like Vehicle Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) applications. If one or more nodes in the wireless Ad-hoc network have little or no energy, then data transmission will be temporarily or permanently interrupted which might create a serious havoc in the Ad-hoc network especially during vital information transferred. This will, in turn, affect the performance of the entire network. Therefore transmission power control is one of the important research topics that needs to be focused in the wireless ad-hoc network in order to ensure effective energy consumption. Recently, we proposed a Dynamic Transmission Power algorithm to maintain network connectivity by adapting node’s transmission power based on the distance between the vehicles in VANET. Our research aims to design a dynamic transmission power that can minimize the rate of energy consumption. Hence, in order to develop the proposed method, prerequisite experiment need to be done. This paper investigates the energy saving efficiency of dynamic and static transmission range in static mobility node wireless ad-hoc network which is prerequisite experiments before further experiment on VANET can be carried on. The simulation results prove that dynamic transmission range gives better energy consumption compared to static transmission range, so it is worth it to carry out the subsequent experiments on VANET

A Network Coding-Aware Directional Broadcast Routing Scheme for VANET

Recent technological advancements in wireless communications are fundamentally changing the manner by which devices communicates with one another. Modern wireless devices build networks on their own and aid each other in passing information to any device in the network. The aim of this research is to design and develop a robust routing protocol using network coding technique for Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET). The purpose of the protocol is to disseminate vehicular traffic to the vehicles approaching the problem area, rather than those leaving the problem area. The designed protocol during the research will be more robust, reliable, and efficient with topology change. In this research, network coding and geographical routing models will be used to develop network coding based VANET routing protocol for alerting vehicles approaching the accident area and emergency message dissemination. The network coding model assumed will serve to increase throughput, in this sense reducing packet loss which will provide a robust broadcast routing protocol