7,817 research outputs found
Fracture mechanics analysis for various fiber/matrix interface loadings
Fiber/matrix (F/M) cracking was analyzed to provide better understanding and guidance in developing F/M interface fracture toughness tests. Two configurations, corresponding to F/M cracking at a broken fiber and at the free edge, were investigated. The effects of mechanical loading, thermal cooldown, and friction were investigated. Each configuration was analyzed for two loadings: longitudinal and normal to the fiber. A nonlinear finite element analysis was performed to model friction and slip at the F/M interface. A new procedure for fitting a square-root singularity to calculated stresses was developed to determine stress intensity factors (K sub I and K sub II) for a bimaterial interface crack. For the case of F/M cracking at a broken fiber with longitudinal loading, crack tip conditions were strongly influenced by interface friction. As a result, an F/M interface toughness test based on this case was not recommended because nonlinear data analysis methods would be required. For the free edge crack configuration, both mechanical and thermal loading caused crack opening, thereby avoiding frictional effects. A F/M interface toughness test based on this configuration would provide data for K(sub I)/K(sub II) ratios of about 0.7 and 1.6 for fiber and radial normal loading, respectively. However, thermal effects must be accounted for in the data analysis
Ply-level failure analysis of a graphite/epoxy laminate under bearing-bypass loading
A combined experimental and analytical study was conducted to investigate and predict the failure modes of a graphite/epoxy laminate subjected to combined bearing and bypass loading. Tests were conducted in a test machine that allowed the bearing-bypass load ratio to be controlled while a single-fastener coupon was loaded to failure in either tension or compression. Onset and ultimate failure modes and strengths were determined for each test case. The damage-onset modes were studied in detail by sectioning and micrographing the damaged specimens. A two-dimensional, finite-element analysis was conducted to determine lamina strains around the bolt hole. Damage onset consisted of matrix cracks, delamination, and fiber failures. Stiffness loss appeared to be caused by fiber failures rather than by matrix cracking and delamination. An unusual offset-compression mode was observed for compressive bearing-bypass laoding in which the specimen failed across its width along a line offset from the hole. The computed lamina strains in the fiber direction were used in a combined analytical and experimental approach to predict bearing-bypass diagrams for damage onset from a few simple tests
Combined bearing and bypass loading on a graphite/epoxy laminate
A combined experimental and analytical study was conducted to determine the behavior of a graphite/epoxy laminate subjected to combined bearing and bypass loading. Single-fastener quasi-isotropic specimens were loaded at various bearing-bypass ratios until damage was produced at the fastener hole. Damage-onset strengths and damage modes were then analyzed using local hole-boundary stresses calculated by a finite-element analysis. The tension data showed the expected linear interaction for combined bearing and bypass loading with damage developing in the net-section tension mode. However, the compression bearing-bypass strengths showed an unexpected interaction involving the bearing mode. Compressive bypass loads reduced the bearing strength by decreasing the bolt-hole contact arc and thus increasing the severity of the bearing loads. The bearing stresses at the hole boundary were not accurately estimated by superposition of the stress components for separate bearing and bypass loading. However, superposition produced reasonably accurate estimates for tangential stresses especially near the specimen net-section
Failure analysis of a graphite/epoxy laminate subjected to bolt bearing loads
Quasi-isotropic graphite/epoxy laminates (T300/5208) were tested under bolt bearing loads to study failure modes, strengths, and failure energy. Specimens had a range of configurations to produce failures by the three nominal failure modes: tension, shearout, and bearing. Radiographs were made after damage onset and after ultimate load to examine the failure modes. Also, the laminate stresses near the bolt hole calculated for each test specimen configuration, and then used with a failure criterion to analyze the test data. Failures involving extensive bearing damage were found to dissipate significantly more energy than tension dominated failures. The specimen configuration influenced the failure modes and therefore also influenced the failure energy. In the width-to-diameter ratio range of 4 to 5, which is typical of structural joints, a transition from the tension mode to the bearing mode was shown to cause a large increase in failure energy. The failure modes associated with ultimate strength were usually different from those associated with the damage onset. Typical damage sequences involved bearing damage onset at the hole boundary followed by tension damage progressing from the hole boundary
Effects of T-tabs and large deflections in DCB specimen tests
A simple strength of materials analysis was developed for a double-cantilever beam (DCB) specimen to account for geometric nonlinearity effects due to large deflections and T-tabs. A new DCB data analysis procedure was developed to include the effects of these nonlinearities. The results of the analysis were evaluated by DCB tests performed for materials having a wide range of toughnesses. The materials used in the present study were T300/5208, IM7/8551-7, and AS4/PEEK. Based on the present analysis, for a typical deflection/crack length ratio of 0.3 (for AS4/PEEK), T-tabs and large deflections cause a 15 percent and 3 percent error, respectively, in the computer Mode 1 strain energy release rate. Design guidelines for DCB specimen thickness and T-tab height were also developed in order to keep errors due to these nonlinearities within 2 percent. Based on the test results, for both hinged and tabbed specimens, the effects of large deflection on the Mode 1 fracture toughness (G sub Ic) were almost negligible (less than 1 percent) in the case of T300/5208 and IM7/8551-7; however, AS4/PEEK showed a 2 to 3 percent effect. The effects of T-tabs G sub Ic were more significant for all the materials with T300/5208 showing a 5 percent error, IM7/8551-7 a 15 percent error, and, AS4/PEEK a 20 percent error
Ferromagnetism at 300 K in spin-coated anatasea and rutile Ti0.95Fe0.05O2 films
Thin films of Ti1-xFexO2 (x=0 and 0.05) have been prepared on sapphire
substrates by spin-on technique starting from metal organic precursors. When
heat treated in air at 550 and 700 degrees C respectively, these films present
pure anatase and rutile structures as shown both by X-ray diffraction and Raman
spectroscopy. Optical absorption indicate a high degree of transparency in the
visible region. Such films show a very small magnetic moment at 300 K. However,
when the anatase and the rutile films are annealed in a vacuum of 1x10-5 Torr
at 500 degrees C and 600 degrees C respectively, the magnetic moment, at 300 K,
is strongly enhanced reaching 0.46 B/Fe for the anatase sample and 0.48
B/Fe for the rutile one. The ferromagnetic Curie temperature of these
samples is above 350 K.Comment: 13 october 200
Total cross sections for neutron-nucleus scattering
Systematics of neutron scattering cross sections on various materials for
neutron energies up to several hundred MeV are important for ADSS applications.
Ramsauer model is well known and widely applied to understand systematics of
neutron nucleus total cross sections. In this work, we examined the role of
nuclear effective radius parameter (r) on Ramsauer model fits of neutron
total cross sections. We performed Ramsauer model global analysis of the
experimental neutron total cross sections reported by W. P. Abfalterer, F. B.
Bateman, {\it et. al.,}, from 20MeV to 550MeV for nuclei ranging from Be to U .
The global fit functions which can fit total cross section data over periodic
table are provided along with the required global set of parameters. The global
fits predict within deviation to data, showing the scope for
improvement. It has been observed that a finer adjustment of r parameter
alone can give very good Ramsauer model description of neutron total scattering
data within deviation. The required r values for Ramsauer model
fits are shown as a function of nuclear mass number and an empirical formula is
suggested for r values as a function of mass number. In optical model
approach for neutron scattering, we have modified the real part of
Koning-Deleroche potentails to fit the neutron total cross sections using SCAT2
code. The modified potentails have a different energy dependence beyond 200MeV
of neutron energy and fit the total cross sections from Al to Pb.Comment: 9 pages, 20figures, Poster number ND-1457, ND2010 Conference in Kore
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