Antifibrotics and Antioxidants of Chlorogenic Acid Inhibits Toll- Like Receptors-4 as Liver Fibrotic Marker

Introduction: Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) is an antifibrotic and antioxidant for fibrotic tissues. These double  roles be able to inhibit or fibrotic tissues chains because of internal and external issues.  For example, virus, bacteria or other pathogens and also by drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, etc. as external factor that affect quality of body tissues. Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR-4) as a marker fibrotic tissues.  It is a key for researcher could be find out by expression performance. The aim of this study is to reveal the CGA as a candidate of antifibrotic & antioxidant in liver fibrosis that induced by CCL4.    Methods: This is a pure experimental research with a simple experimental design or post-test only control group design. The total 29 mices of 2.5-month-old male Swiss mices with weigh 35-40 gram divided into 6 group: 3 groups of controls (injected by natrium chloride, CGA, and CCL4) and 3 groups of treated (injected by CGA doses 42 mg/kg, 63 mg/kg or 84 mg/kg).  Liver organ was used to examine the expression of TLR-4 by rt-PCR. This research revealed that expression of TLR-4 lower than the CCL4 control group (respectively, p=0.042; p=0.005; p=0.006; and p=0.001). Higher dose of CGA showed greater ability as anti-fibrotic through inhibit the expression of  TLR-4. Some research found the expression of TLR-4 has been decreased by treatment of Clorogenic Acid (CGA). Conclusion: To sum up, CGA has double roles to repair liver fibrotic tissues. The greater doses of CGA, the stronger inhibition of TLR-4 expression

Antifibrotics and Antioxidants of Chlorogenic Acid Inhibits Toll- Like Receptors-4 as Liver Fibrotic Marker

Introduction: Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) is an antifibrotic and antioxidant for fibrotic tissues. These double  roles be able to inhibit or fibrotic tissues chains because of internal and external issues.  For example, virus, bacteria or other pathogens and also by drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, etc. as external factor that affect quality of body tissues. Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR-4) as a marker fibrotic tissues.  It is a key for researcher could be find out by expression performance. The aim of this study is to reveal the CGA as a candidate of antifibrotic & antioxidant in liver fibrosis that induced by CCL4.    Methods: This is a pure experimental research with a simple experimental design or post-test only control group design. The total 29 mices of 2.5-month-old male Swiss mices with weigh 35-40 gram divided into 6 group: 3 groups of controls (injected by natrium chloride, CGA, and CCL4) and 3 groups of treated (injected by CGA doses 42 mg/kg, 63 mg/kg or 84 mg/kg).  Liver organ was used to examine the expression of TLR-4 by rt-PCR. This research revealed that expression of TLR-4 lower than the CCL4 control group (respectively, p=0.042; p=0.005; p=0.006; and p=0.001). Higher dose of CGA showed greater ability as anti-fibrotic through inhibit the expression of  TLR-4. Some research found the expression of TLR-4 has been decreased by treatment of Clorogenic Acid (CGA). Conclusion: To sum up, CGA has double roles to repair liver fibrotic tissues. The greater doses of CGA, the stronger inhibition of TLR-4 expression

Defining and Valuing the Relationship Pattern of Actors’ Involvement on Cattle Farming Systems using Stakeholder Network Analysis in West New Guinea, Indonesia

Abstrak Sapi merupakan salah satu peternakan prioritas utama di Indonesia. Ternak sapi telah memainkan peran penting dalam aspek ekonomi dari total pendapatan. Sebagai peternakan prioritas karena berbagai keterlibatan dan peran pemangku kepentingan. Studi dilakukan di Manokwari pada bulan April-Juni 2019 dengan menggunakan focus group discussion terhadap dua puluh individu, kelompok dan lembaga massa yang diwakili. Pertanyaan yang dibahas mengenai latar belakang, pengiriman sumber daya, interkonektivitas antar aktor, intervensi dan inovasi. Temuan utama adalah bahwa aktor yang dikelompokkan mendominasi, diikuti oleh aktor hukum, lembaga swasta, peran pemangku kepentingan dan memiliki efek positif karena kepentingan. Namun, ancaman eksis baik secara langsung tetapi tanpa efek balik. Tiga sumber daya bersama teratas adalah akses, kepuasan, dan waktu yang dihabiskan. Aktor dapat memiliki program jangka panjang dengan keberlanjutan menggunakan sumber daya netral hingga kuat. Hubungan aktor ditemukan dalam tiga kelompok, yaitu positif, negatif dan tidak ada hubungan. Intervensi sangat dibutuhkan, yaitu waktu yang dihabiskan, kepuasan, kebijakan, pengetahuan dan akses. Prioritas inovasi akan keterampilan, kebijakan, dan pengetahuan. Kata kunci: Analisis jaringan pemangku kepentingan; Intervensi dan inovasi; Pelaku; Sumber daya bersama; Usaha peternakan sapi.  .   Abstract Cattle is one of the top priority animal agriculture in Indonesia. It has played significant roles in economical aspect of Total revenues. Those are due to stakeholders’ involvement. Study was done in Manokwari from April to June 2019 by using focus group discussion towards twenty various represented individuals, groups and mass institutions. The queries discussed concerning background, resources delivery, interconnectivity amongst actors, intervention and innovation. The primarily finding is that grouped actors dominated, followed by laws actors, private types institutions, stakeholder role and having positive effect due to importance. However, threat existed directly without turn-back effect. The three top shared resources were access, satisfaction, and time spent. Actors can have long term period program with sustainability using neutral to strong power resource. Relationship of actors found in three groups, i.e. positive, negative and no relationship. Intervention was urgently needed, i.e. time spent, satisfaction, policy, knowledge and access. Priority of innovation will be skills, policy, and knowledge. Keywords: Actors; Cattle farming business; Intervention and innovation; Shared resources; Stakeholder network analysis