The effect of anti-coagulant and anti-platelet agents on testicular arterial blood flow following DXR treatment.

<p>Blood flow was measured by the PW Doppler mode and quantified by analyzing the VTI using the appropriate VisualSonics software. (<b>a</b>) Blood flow of testicular arteries was continuously monitored by PW Doppler in mice pre-treated with LMWH (clexane; 100µg/mouse), before and following DXR (8mg/kg BW; n=8, n=number of imaged arteries) injection and analyzed 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 minutes afterwards. Graphic illustration of testicular arterial blood flow; points represent percent of control (dashed line; mean±SEM), (*)-significantly different from DXR treatment values (P<0.05). (<b>b</b>) Blood flow of testicular arteries was continuously monitored by PW Doppler in mice pre-treated with eptifibatide (integrilin; 75µg/mouse), before and following DXR (8mg/kg BW; n=9, n=number of imaged arteries) injection and analyzed 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 minutes afterwards. Graphic illustration of testicular arterial blood flow; points represent percent of control (dashed line; mean±SEM), (*)-significantly different from DXR treatment values (P<0.05).</p

Effect of Doxorubicin on platelet aggregation and adhesion.

<p>(A) PRP was pre-incubated for 15 minutes with increasing concentrations of DXR then aggregation was induced by ADP (5 µM) and maximal aggregation is presented as mean ± SD; statistical analysis was tested by ANOVA (p<0.001; n=9). (B) Whole blood was pre-incubated for 15 minutes with increasing concentrations of DXR then subjected to the Impact-R test and both surface coverage and average size of the aggregates are presented as mean ± SD (n=5).</p

DXR induces testicular vascular changes.

<p>Histological sections of testes from saline or DXR (5 mg/kg) treated mice were immunohistochemically stained with Hoecst 33342 (nuclei labeling; blue) and anti CD34 primary antibody (1:200) followed by alexa555 anti-rat secondary antibody (red; 1:400). Saline (A,C) and DXR (B,D) at one week (A,B) or one month (C,D) after treatment. Bar=240µm.</p

Platelet adhesion to DXR-treated aortic endothelial cells.

<p>Confluent endothelial cells were exposed to growth medium without (A) or with Doxorubicin (B; 100 µM) for 4 hr followed by exposure to whole blood for 5 minutes at 37°C under defined shear rates (750 s^-1) and then fixed and platelets were stained by immunohistochemistry kit using monoclonal antibody against the platelet integrin CD41a.</p