Australian Muslim citizens: Questions of inclusion and exclusion, 2006 –2020

Muslims have a long history in Australia. In 2016, Muslims formed 2.6 per cent of the total Australian population. In this article, I will discuss Australian Muslims’ citizenship in two time periods, 2006–2018 and 2020. In the first period, I will examine Australian Muslims’ identity and sense of belonging, and whether their race or culture have any impact on their Australian citizenship. I will also discuss the political rhetoric concerning Australian Muslims. In the second period, 2020, I will examine Australian Muslims’ placement as returned travellers during the COVID-19 period. I conclude that, from 2006 to 2018, Islamophobia was rampant in “othering” many Australian Muslims. And in 2020 the Australian government has adopted a policy of inclusion by repatriating its citizens (both Muslims and non-Muslims), but with the COVID-19 crisis, a new dimension of discrimination has been added onto ethnic minorities – in this case Bangladeshi Australians who are mostly Muslims. They are now looked upon as the “other quarantined” or “detained Australian citizens”

Adjustment of a Coastal Buoyant Outflow Under Tidal and Wind Forcing

The discharge of brackish water from estuaries typically forms distinct coastal plumes, often visible through their color signature due to sediment load and particulate matter from rivers. The processes of mixing and dispersion of coastal plumes are subjected to natural variations in the magnitude and timing of freshwater inflows, tides and meteorological conditions. This study presents shipboard observation of the bulge region of a buoyant plume off Winyah Bay, SC. The observation comprises downward looking 600 and 1200 kHz ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) and CTD measurements. Along with standard CTD casts, water samples were collected to analyze and determine mass sediment concentration using standard filtering techniques. Auxiliary data such as wind, river discharge and coastal sea level measurements were collected from WeatherFlow, USGS streamflow and NOAA tide gauge stations, respectively. The study addresses the evolution of bulge region of the plume under the conditions of low freshwater discharge and light wind forcing. The study also examines the fate of the suspended sediments under high discharge condition. The spatial and temporal salinity and temperature structures from CTD measurements are analyzed to inspect the evolution of the bulge region. The impact of suspended sediments on modifying the density anomaly within the plume is also assessed. Gradient Richardson number is calculated to examine the influence of suspended sediments on the mixing processes within the plume. Analysis of the observations demonstrate that the buoyant water was not dispersed by the wind forcing but formed a well pronounced baroclinic jet with associated front. The buoyant outflow occurring at semidiurnal tidal frequency first propagated northward with the wind-driven currents, but then turned anticyclonically and continued southward, against the wind-driven current. However, this baroclinic jet never reached the coastline to form a coastal current. Due to wind forcing, the frontal zone width exceeded the baroclinic Rossby radius, and in some cases multiple frontal structures were observed. Overall, the results demonstrate that under certain forcing conditions all buoyant outflow is deflected into a growing bulge and ultimately spreads offshore contributing to the cross-shelf exchange processes

Quantum State Transfer Optimization: Balancing Fidelity and Energy Consumption using Pontryagin Maximum Principle

In this study, we address a control-constrained optimal control problem pertaining to the transformation of quantum states. Our objective is to navigate a quantum system from an initial state to a desired target state while adhering to the principles of the Liouville-von Neumann equation. To achieve this, we introduce a cost functional that balances the dual goals of fidelity maximization and energy consumption minimization. We derive optimality conditions in the form of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle (PMP) for the matrix-valued dynamics associated with this problem. Subsequently, we present a time-discretized computational scheme designed to solve the optimal control problem. This computational scheme is rooted in an indirect method grounded in the PMP, showcasing its versatility and efficacy. To illustrate the practicality and applicability of our methodology, we employ it to address the case of a spin $\frac{1}{2}$ particle subjected to interaction with a magnetic field. Our findings shed light on the potential of this approach to tackle complex quantum control scenarios and contribute to the broader field of quantum state transformations

Social mobilization for sanitation

Social mobilization for sanitatio

Exploring Strange Entanglement: Experimental and Theoretical Perspectives on Neutral Kaon Systems

This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the properties and phenomena associated with neutral K-mesons. Kaons are quantum systems illustrating strange behaviours. We begin by examining the significance of strangeness and charge parity violation in understanding these particles. The concept of strangeness oscillations is then introduced, explaining oscillations between $K^0$ and $\bar{K}^0$ states. The regeneration of $K_S$ is investigated, uncovering the underlying mechanisms involved. The discussion moves on to quasi-spin space, exploring its bases and their implications. The entangled states of kaon pairs $(K^0,\bar K^0)$ are considered, with a focus on maximally entangled neutral kaons and non-maximally entangled states. Decoherence effects on entangled kaons are examined, utilizing the density matrix description to capture the dynamics. A dedicated decoherence parameter is introduced to quantify the impact of decoherence. Furthermore, the chapter investigates the loss of entanglement through measures such as Von Neumann entanglement entropy, entanglement of formation, and concurrence. These measures provide insights into quantifying and characterizing entanglement in the context of neutral kaons. Through this comprehensive exploration of properties, phenomena, and entanglement dynamics, this chapter aims to pointing out recent works on neutral kaons, contributing to advancements in particle physics

Quantum Pontryagin Neural Networks in Gamkarlidze form subjected to the purity of quantum channels

We investigate a time and energy minimization optimal control problem for open quantum systems, whose dynamics is governed through the Lindblad (or Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad) master equation. The dissipation is Markovian time-independent, and the control is governed by the Hamiltonian of a quantum-mechanical system. We are specifically interested to study the purity in a dissipative system constrained by state and control inputs. The idea for solving this problem is by the combination of two following techniques. We deal with the state constraints through Gamkarlidze revisited method, while handling control constraints through the idea of saturation functions and system extensions. This is the first time that quantum purity conservation is formulated in such framework. We obtain the necessary conditions of optimality through the Pontryagin Minimum Principle. Finally, the resulted boundary value problem is solved by a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) approach. The exploited Pontryagin PINN technique is also new in quantum control context. We show that these PINNs play an effective role in learning optimal control actions.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

Influence of Sugar Cane Mechanical Harvest on Clear Juice Quality at Elguneid Sugar Factory

This study aimed to investigate the influence of mechanical harvest on juice clarification in Elguneid sugar factory. Elguneid factory was designed to treat a hand cut cane more than a mechanical cut cane. So, the clarification system was tuned to meet this purpose. Color, turbidity, reducing sugar, sugar content, purity, pH, brix, temperature and phosphate content were determined. The results showed: the color has increased from 3910 to 13921 ICUMSA, turbidity from 3242 to 8496 and reducing sugar increased to 0.928%. Sucrose content decreased from 14.39 to 11.69% and purity from 88 to 83%. The results of Pol% and Purity% were taken at the beginning of crushing season, where the mechanical harvest was higher than hand cut. A comparative study between hand cut and mechanical harvest was made at the middle of the crushing season. The optimum brix in the clarifiers matched the turbidity decreased at brix 12%, 13% respectively. Also from the tests carried out it was shown that the flocculant and phosphoric acid, which were used by the factory personnel was lower than the standard values, phosphoric acid was 183ppm and the polymer was 1,6ppm. These low values affected the precipitation process. There is a relationship between the amount of mud and type of harvest. It was noticed that there is a relationship between sugar yield and type of harvest

Age-dependent role of steroids in the regulation of growth of the hen follicular wall

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The ovaries are the primary targets of senescence effects in mammalian and avian species. In the present study, relationships between reproductive aging, sex steroids and the growth pattern of the pre-ovulatory follicle wall were investigated using young hens with long clutch (YLC), old hens with long clutch (OLC), old hens with short clutch (OSC), and old hens with interrupted long clutch (OILC).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Experiment 1: Hens were sacrificed 1.5 and 14.5 h after ovulation. Experiment 2: YLC and OILC hens were sacrificed 3.5 h after treatments with LH and/or aminoglutethimide (AG), an inhibitor of steroid synthesis. Volumes of pre-ovulatory follicles (F1-F5) and plasma concentrations of ovarian steroids were determined. Experiment 3: Granulosa and theca cells from F3 follicles of OSC and/or YLC hens were exposed in vitro to estradiol-17beta (E₂), testosterone (T) and LH and the proliferative activity of the cells was examined using CellTiter 96 Aqueous One Solution Assay.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In YLC and OLC groups, the total volume of F1-F5 follicles rose between 1.5 and 14.5 h after ovulation (P < 0.01), negatively correlating with the plasma level of E₂(P < 0.01). There was no growth of pre-ovulatory follicles in the middle of the ovulatory cycle in the OSC group, with a positive correlation being present between E₂and the follicular volume (P < 0.05). In young hens, AG caused a rise in the total follicular volume. This rise was associated with a fall in E₂(r = -0.54, P < 0.05). E₂enhanced proliferation of granulosa cells from YLC and OSC groups. The proliferative activity of granulosa and theca cells of YLC hens depended on the interaction between T and LH (P < 0.01).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These data indicate for the first time that the growth pattern of pre-ovulatory follicles during the ovulatory cycle changes in the course of reproductive aging. E₂seems to play a dual role in this adjustment; it stimulates the growth of the follicular wall in reproductive aged hens, whereas it may inhibit this process in young birds. T and LH are apparently involved in the growth regulation during the pre-ovulatory surge in young hens.</p