Reconstruction of Parental SSR Haplotypes from a Single Grape Seed

Microsatellite (‘single sequence repeats’, SSR) markers were widely used in the last decade for the identification of parents of a given grapevine variety or for pedigree reconstruction as well. By now the pedigree of the majority of the most important varieties is established. At the same time, knowing both of the parents gives information about which one was the mother plant and which one was the pollinator. Analyses of archaeological grapevine seeds can give new opportunities in the research of the evolution of varieties. In most of the angiosperms, the endosperm is triploid with two genome equivalents from the maternal line and one from the paternal line. Our presumption was that this numeral difference in the maternal and paternal alleles causes measureable difference in the amplification of SSR alleles from grapevine seeds. To validate our method, pre-experiments were carried out on 12 ‘Pinot gris’ seeds, which verified our theory

Különböző talajtakarás kezelések hatása eróziónak kitett szőlőültetvények talajfizikai paramétereire

A történelmi borvidékek szőlőültetvényeinek jelentős hányada talajeróziónak kitett területeken helyezkedik el. Ezen területek a változó klimatikus adottságok következtében az előrejelzések szerint, mind ritkább azonban intenzívebb csapadék eseményeknek vannak és lesznek kitéve, így a megfelelő talajtakarási mód megválasztása kulcsfontosságú. Ezen eljárások jelentős hatással vannak a talaj tulajdonságaira, mint a talajéletre, biológiai aktivitására vagy fizikai és kémiai tulajdonságaira és ezáltal az ezekkel erős kapcsolatban álló makro-aggregátumstabilitási értékekre, amely kulcsfontosságú a jó talajszerkezet, a vízbefogadás növelése és az erózió mértékének csökkentése szempontjából. Vizsgálatunk során egy a Badacsony hegy déli oldalán elhelyezkedő, több mint 15 éves tartamkísérlet különböző talajborítottságú kezeléseinek (Facélia, Pillangós keverék, Festuca félék, Természetes vegetáció, Takarás, Búza, Mechanikus, Tritikálé) a makro-aggregátumstabilitását nedves szitás módszerrel vizsgáltuk. Eredményeink alapján a legjobb eredményt, legnagyobb aggregátumstabilitási értékeket a mulcsos takarásos eljárás eredményezte

Absence of an acid phosphatase isozyme locus as a marker candidate for true to typeness in woodland grape (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris Gmelin)

The quest and conservation of existing populations of woodland grape (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris Gmelin), the supposed progenitor of the European grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa) and a significant actor in the evolution of grapevine, has great importance in preserving biodiversity. The proof of true-to-typeness is highly important in ex-situ conservation, because the contamination risk of the woodland grape populations is very high. Some characteristic “sylvestris” simple sequence repeats (SSR) alleles were identified, but they are only characteristic in a specific population. In our recent study, the SSR profiles of 32 woodland grapes were compared to those of 16 European grapevine varieties and 20 rootstocks. Morphology and SSR analyses suggested that the analysed Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris Gmelin accessions were true-to-type. In this report, the results of the acid phosphatase isoenzyme analyses of the same woodland grape accessions are presented and a new marker for true-to-typeness is suggested

Hybrid <i>Vitis</i> Cultivars with American or Asian Ancestries Show Higher Tolerance towards Grapevine Trunk Diseases

Grape production worldwide is increasingly threatened by grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). No grapevine cultivar is known to be entirely resistant to GTDs, but susceptibility varies greatly. To quantify these differences, four Hungarian grape germplasm collections containing 305 different cultivars were surveyed to determine the ratios of GTDs based on symptom expression and the proportion of plant loss within all GTD symptoms. The cultivars of monophyletic Vitis vinifera L. origin were amongst the most sensitive ones, and their sensitivity was significantly (p Vitis species other than V. vinifera (e.g., V. labrusca L., V. rupestris Scheele, and V. amurensis Rupr.) in their pedigree. We conclude that the ancestral diversity of grapes confers a higher degree of resilience against GTDs